Return on Assets

Shows how efficient the company is using its assets to generate profit.

For a farm, a tractor is considered an asset. The tractor helps ploughing the land making it possible to plant and harvest crops. But the tractor might be old and needing maintenance all the time reducing its efficiency. Return on assets indicates how effectively the farm is using the tractor (and other assets that help the core business) to plough the land.

How to use return on assets

Higher is better.
Above 5% is considered healthy but always compare to the industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use return on assets in their analysis

Shows the investor how effectively the company is using its resources to generate profit. If the return on assets () from the company are higher than the mean () that meansthe company is using its resources better than their competitors. If not, that means their competitors are more efficient in using their resources to generate profit.

An investor should always look at:

What is the current return on assets?
How does it compare to the industry?
What is the trend?

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
If a company has many assets changing over time, it’s better to calculate the average assets instead of the total assets.

How to calculate return on assets

Return on assets = net income / total assets * 100%

Real example Tesla

A real life example of Tesla. You need the following data to determine ROA:

Return on assets = net income / total assets * 100%
$2,259,000 / $68,513,000 = 0,0329 * 100% = 3,3%

ROA is an important ratio as it will tell you how effectively the company is using its resources to generate profits. Example:

Bob and Kristin both sell ice cream in the summer. They both have an ice cream truck. The truck Bob owes cost him $20.000 and the truck Kristin owes cost her $1500. Over the summer, Bob earned $2000 and Kristin earned $200. To calculate the return on assets:

Bob: $2000 / $20.000 * 100% = 10%
Kristin: $200 / $1500 * 100% = 13.3%

This tells you Bob’s company is more valuable but Kristin's company is more efficient. Be aware that total assets can change over time. A transportation business will buy and sell trucks or planes all the time. Before using return on assets as a guideline, you have to know what the exact assets are. For a company that has many assets changing over time, it’s better to calculate the average assets instead of the total assets.