Yara International ASA
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Penke I guess you are interested in Yara International ASA. Buy, hold or sell? I don't know! However, I do recommend doing research before doing anything. I will help you with that.

I'm going to help you getting a better view of Yara International ASA. At the end you don't have to ask anyone for trading advice. You can make your own decision, with more confidence, the odds in your favor, backed by data.

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Quick analysis of Yara (30 sec.)

What can you expect buying and holding a share of Yara? (30 sec.)

What is your share worth?

Current worth

kr0.00

Expected worth in 1 year

kr0.00

How sure are you?

+ What do you gain per year?

Total Gains per Share

kr0.00

Return On Investment

0.0%

For what price can you sell your share?

Current Price per Share

kr335.20

Expected price per share

kr316.67 - kr370.10

How sure are you?

50%

1. Valuation of Yara (5 min.)

Live pricePrice per Share (EOD)

kr335.20

Book Value per Share

kr0.00

2. Growth of Yara (5 min.)

Is Yara growing?

	Current year	Previous year	Grow	Grow %
How rich?	$737.5m	$737.5m	0.00	0.0%

How much money is Yara making?

	Current year	Previous year	Grow	Grow %
Making money	$251.5m	$40.6m	$210.9m	83.8%
Net Profit Margin	0.0%	0.0%	-	-

How much money comes from the company's main activities?

Quarterly Yearly

3. Financial Health of Yara (5 min.)

What can you expect buying and holding a share of Yara? (5 min.)

Welcome investor! Yara's management wants to use your money to grow the business. In return you get a share of Yara.

What can you expect buying and holding a share of Yara?

First you should know what it really means to hold a share of Yara. And how you can make/lose money.

Speculation

The Price per Share of Yara is kr335.20. The market price reflects what other people think it is worth; not what it's really worth. Your job is to find out if the market price is fair, overpriced, or underpriced. I will help you with that.

If you buy blind, there is a 50% chance of making or losing money by selling the stock in the future. However, we can look at a few things to determine the odds in our favor:

The fundamentals: the financial health trends of Yara.
The technials: based on market psychology, we can make a calculated estimate of what the price will do in the future. We can do this through technical analysis. We can calculate the probabilities and the expected value (millionaire math). That's called speculation.
The book value: what is the market price compared to it's book value.

Investing

If you really want to invest in Yara, you will have to let go of the thought of selling in the future. If you have to sell the share for less than you bought it, it can still be a good investment. Focus on what it means to hold the stock forever:

You own a part of the company. The equity of this part can grow or shrink. The current Book Value per Share is kr0.00.
You may receive quarterly/yearly dividend in the form of additional shares.
You may receive quarterly/yearly dividend in the form of cash.

Based on historical numbers we can estimate the returns while holding a share of Yara.

How much money are you going to get?

	MRQ		TTM		YOY		5Y		10Y
	kr	% of Price per Share	kr	% of Price per Share	kr	% of Price per Share	kr	% of Price per Share	kr	% of Price per Share
Usd Eps	0.00	0.0%	0.00	0.0%	0.00	0.0%	0.00	0.0%	0.00	0.0%
Usd Book Value Change Per Share
Usd Dividend Per Share
Usd Total Gains Per Share
Usd Price Per Share	38.85	-	38.85	-	40.08	-	34.98	-	34.30	-
Price to Earnings Ratio	0.00	-	0.00	-	0.00	-	0.00	-	0.00	-
Price-to-Total Gains Ratio
Price to Book Ratio	0.00	-	0.00	-	0.00	-	0.00	-	0.00	-
Price-to-Total Gains Ratio

When do you get the money?

Usd Investment	$.00
Usd Price Per Share	30.36912
Number of shares	32

Gains per Quarter	Trailing 12 Months	5 Year
Usd Dividend Per Share	-	-
Usd Book Value Change Per Share	-	-
Usd Total Gains Per Share	-	-
Gains per Quarter (32 shares)	-	-
Gains per Year (32 shares)	-	-

Years	Return on Investment (TTM)			Return on Investment (5Y)
	Dividend	Book Value gain	Total gains	Dividend	Book Value gain	Total gains
Broker costs	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
1	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
2	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
3	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
4	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
5	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
6	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
7	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
8	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
9	-	-	-10	-	-	-10
10	-	-	-10	-	-	-10

Fundamentals of Yara

About Yara International ASA

https://www.yara.com
17342
Drammensveien 131, Oslo, Norway, 0277
Google Maps Bing Maps

Yara International ASA provides crop nutrition and industrial solutions in Norway, European Union, Europe, Africa, Asia, North and Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand. The company offers ammonium- and urea-based fertilizers; compound fertilizers that contain nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; coatings; biostimulants; organic-based fertilizers; green fertilizers are nitrate-based mineral fertilizers, as well as foliar and fertigation solutions; and nitrate, calcium nitrate, micronutrient, and fertigation and urea fertilizers. It also offers digital solutions, such as variable rate application solutions; N-Sensor, a tractor-mounted hardware; N-Tester, a handheld nitrogen measurement tool; YaraFX Insight, an agricultural API; and Atfarm, a digital toolbox for farmer. The company sells its products under YaraBela, YaraMila, YaraLiva, YaraVita, YaraRega, YaraTera, YaraSuna, and YaraVera and brands. Yara International ASA was founded in 1905 and is headquartered in Oslo, Norway.

Fundamental data was last updated by Penke on 2024-04-15 16:40:04.

Financial Health

Profitability Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry
Using its assets, the company is efficient in making profit.
Using its investors money, the company is very efficient in making profit.

Operating Efficiency Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry

Liquidity Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry
The company is able to pay all its short-term debts.

Solvency Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry
The company is able to pay all its debts by selling its assets.
The company is able to pay all its debts with equity.

Valuation

Valuation Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry

1.1. Profitability of Yara International ASA.

1.1. Profitability

1.1.1. Net Profit Margin

Measures how much net profit Yara earns for each kr1 of revenue.

Above 10% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
A Net Profit Margin of 0.0% means that kr0.00 for each kr1 in revenue is generated as profit.

Let's take a look of the Net Profit Margin trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.0%. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-	TTM	-	0.0%
TTM	-	YOY	-	0.0%
TTM	-	5Y	2.4%	-2.4%
5Y	2.4%	10Y	3.2%	-0.9%

Measures how much net profit Yara earns for each kr1 of revenue.

Revenue is the amount of profit Yara generates before taxes and all other costs. For example, when you buy a cup of coffee it will cost you kr3. The company does not earn kr3 in profit but also has to pay various costs and taxes to create that cup of coffee. Let's assume the cost of creating a cup of coffee is kr1.5.

The kr3 you pay for a cup of coffee is called revenue.
The kr1.5 that’s left over when all costs to create that cup of coffee (including taxes) are deduced from the revenue is called net profit.

The net profit margin looks at how much net profit Yara earns for each kr1 in revenue.

How to use net profit margin

Higher profit margin is better (more profit).
Above 10% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
Can be used to compare companies within the industry.

You typically want a high profit margin. This means that for each kr1 in sales, Yara makes more profit. This shows the investor how efficiently Yara is operating in general and compared to other companies in the same industry. Yara operates in the industry.

Why do investors use net profit margin in their analysis

It helps investors to determine the efficiency of Yara. If profit margins remain low (compared to the industry mean) and there are no improvements to make in production costs or other areas that might be a warning sign. If profit margins are high that means the company has low overhead costs and is efficiently using its resources to generate profit.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current net profit margin?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Net Profit Margin of Yara is 0.00. This means that Yara earned kr0.00 for each kr1 in revenue in the most recent quarter.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Net Profit Margin of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare Yara with other companies in the same industry ().
Net profit margin should rise over the years.
Can be influenced when Yara sells assets (profit will increase while costs remain the same).
It won’t show what part of Yara is doing great or needs improvement (it only looks at total revenue and total net income).

How to calculate net profit margin

Net profit margin = net income / total revenue * 100%

Real example of Yara

You need the following data to determine net profit margin:

Income statement from the period you want to calculate (for example, MRQ or TTM).

Net income MRQ Yara =
Total revenue MRQ Yara =
kr / kr = 0.00 or 0.0%

Higher is better

The higher the net profit margin, the more efficient the company is generating income. This helps investors to determine how the company is managing money. The net profit margin is an important indicator when diving into the financial health of a company. Overall, you want to see the net profit margin rising over the years. That means the company improved their production and made it more efficient (if possible).

You can use the net profit margin to compare companies within the same industry. If there are two companies where one is much bigger but the smaller one has a higher net profit margin, that means the smaller company is more efficiently using operational costs.

Important: Profit margins can be very different between industries. Companies with assembly lines or transports are much more prone to see shifting in prices for fuel, ingredients and maintenance compared to companies that only provide services. You should never compare net profit margin between different industries.

1.1.2. Return on Assets

Shows how efficient Yara is using its assets to generate profit.

Above 5% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
16.7% Return on Assets means that Yara generated kr0.17 profit for each $1 in assets.

Let's take a look of the Return on Assets trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 16.7%. Using its assets, the company is efficient in making profit. +1
The TTM is 16.7%. Using its assets, the company is efficient in making profit. +1

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	16.7%	TTM	16.7%	0.0%
TTM	16.7%	YOY	2.7%	+14.0%
TTM	16.7%	5Y	5.6%	+11.1%
5Y	5.6%	10Y	5.2%	+0.4%

Shows how efficient Yara is using its assets to generate profit.

For a farm, a tractor is considered an asset. The tractor helps ploughing the land making it possible to plant and harvest crops. But the tractor might be old and needing maintenance all the time reducing its efficiency. Return on assets indicates how effectively the farm is using the tractor (and other assets that help the core business) to plough the land.

How to use return on assets

Higher is better.
Above 5% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use return on assets in their analysis

Shows the investor how effectively Yara is using its resources to generate profit. If the return on assets (16.7%) from Yara are higher than the mean () that means Yara is using its resources better than their competitors. If not, that means their competitors are more efficient in using their resources to generate profit.

An investor should always look at:

What is the current return on assets?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Return on Assets of Yara is 16.7%. This means the company generated kr0.17 for each kr1 in assets.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Return on Assets of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
If a company has many assets changing over time, it’s better to calculate the average assets instead of the total assets.

How to calculate return on assets

Return on assets = net income / total assets * 100%

Real example Yara

You need the following data to determine return on assets (ROA):

Income statement
Balance sheet

Net income MRQ (income statement) from Yara =
Total assets MRQ (balance sheet) from Yara =
/ = 0.17 or 16.7%

ROA is an important ratio as it will tell you how effectively Yara is using its resources to generate profits. Example:

Bob and Kristin both sell ice cream in the summer. They both have an ice cream truck. The truck Bob owes cost him $20.000 and the truck Kristin owes cost her $1500. Over the summer, Bob earned $2000 and Kristin earned $200. To calculate the return on assets:

Bob: $2000 / $20.000 * 100% = 10%
Kristin: $200 / $1500 * 100% = 13.3%

This tells you Bob’s company is more valuable but Kristin's company is more efficient. Be aware that total assets can change over time. A transportation business will buy and sell trucks or planes all the time. Before using return on assets as a guideline, you have to know what the exact assets are. For a company that has many assets changing over time, it’s better to calculate the average assets instead of the total assets.

1.1.3. Return on Equity

Shows how efficient Yara is using its investors money to generate profit.

Above 15%-20% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
34.1% Return on Equity means Yara generated kr0.34 for each kr1 the owners (shareholders) invested.

Let's take a look of the Return on Equity trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 34.1%. Using its investors money, the company is very efficient in making profit. +2
The TTM is 34.1%. Using its investors money, the company is very efficient in making profit. +2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	34.1%	TTM	34.1%	0.0%
TTM	34.1%	YOY	5.5%	+28.6%
TTM	34.1%	5Y	11.3%	+22.8%
5Y	11.3%	10Y	10.1%	+1.3%

Shows how efficient Yara is using its investors money to generate profit.

A publicly traded company (any company that issues shares to the public) is owned by its shareholders. Return on equity calculates the amount of profit for every $1 the shareholders invested.

How to use return on equity

Higher is better.
Above 15%-20% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use return on equity in their analysis

To find out the owners/management's attitude toward their company. You typically want the owners/management to invest in the company and focus on generating profit. If not enough profit is generated (compared to the industry mean), the company might not be investing their money efficiently.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current return on equity?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Return on Equity of Yara is 34.1%. This means Yara generated kr0.34 for each kr1 the owners (shareholders) invested.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Return on Equity of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if Yara existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Does not include intangible assets (non physical assets like licences, computer software, etc.).
Stockholders equity and shareholders equity refer to the same thing.
Liabilities should not be more than three times return on equity.

How to calculate return on equity

Return on equity = net profit / shareholders equity * 100%

Real example of Yara

You need the following data to determine ROE:

Income statement
Balance sheet
Net profit MRQ (income statement) Yara =
Shareholders equity (balance sheet) MRQ Yara =
/ = 0.34 or 34.1%

A negative shareholder equity is a warning sign. It means the company has more liabilities than assets. It might also mean that the owners did not invest enough money or they are taking money out of the business.

1.2. Operating Efficiency of Yara International ASA.

1.2. Operating Efficiency

1.2.1. Operating Margin

Measures how efficient Yara is operating .

Measures how much profit Yara makes for each kr1 of sales after paying variable costs (production costs, wages, etc) but before taxes.
Above 15% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
An Operating Margin of 0.0% means the company generated kr0.00 for each kr1 in revenue (before taxes).

Let's take a look of the Operating Margin trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.0%. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-	TTM	-	0.0%
TTM	-	YOY	-	0.0%
TTM	-	5Y	4.1%	-4.1%
5Y	4.1%	10Y	3.0%	+1.2%

Measures how efficient Yara is operating .

The more effecient a company creates products or provides services, the more profit it generates.

How to use operating margin

Higher is better
Above 15% is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
Can be very different between industries
Can be used to compare companies

Why do investors use operating margin in their analysis

To determine how much profit Yara is making from it’s core business.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current net profit margin?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Operating Margin of Yara is 0.0%. This means that Yara earned kr0.00 for each kr1 in revenue in the most recent quarter.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Operating Margin of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry
Can be calculated in different ways

How to calculate operating margin

Operating margin = operating earnings / total revenue

Real example of Yara

You need the following data to determine operating margin:

Income statement
Operating earnings MRQ Yara =
Total revenue MRQ Yara =
kr / kr = 0.00 or 0.0%

Operating margin is used to calculate how much profit a company makes after variable costs of production but before paying interest and taxes. Some variable costs examples are wages, raw materials, packaging, and transaction fees. The amount of variable costs is different for each company and industry. In general, a higher operating margin is better as this implicates that a company is running efficiently.

For investors, a higher operating margin is a good sign. Although you should always look at operating margin in the long term. If operating margin is fluctuating over the years this might be a sign that things are not running efficiently enough. It’s a way to check how much profit a company is making from its core business.

Operation earnings can be calculated in multiple ways:

Operation earnings = EBIT - non operating income + non operating expense
Operation earnings = Gross profit - operating expense - depreciation and amortisation
Operation earnings = Total revenue - COGS (costs of goods sold) - indirect costs

1.2.2. Operating Ratio

Measures how efficient Yara is keeping operating costs low.

Below 1 is considered healthy (always compare to industry mean).
An Operation Ratio of 0.00 means that the operating costs are kr0.00 for each kr1 in net sales.

Let's take a look of the Operating Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.000. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-	TTM	-	0.000
TTM	-	YOY	-	0.000
TTM	-	5Y	0.438	-0.438
5Y	0.438	10Y	0.524	-0.087

Measures how efficient Yara is keeping operating costs low.

If the operating ratio is below 1 that means the company is making money. The lower the operating ratio, the more efficient the company.

How to use operating ratio

Lower is better.
Below 1 is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use operating ratio in their analysis

Shows if costs of creating products and or services is increasing or decreasing. The lower the operating ratio, the more efficient the company is creating products and services.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current Operatin ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Operating Ratio of Yara is 0.0%. This means that Yara earned kr0.00 for each kr1 in net sales in the most recent quarter.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Operating Ratio of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
You need COGS to calculate operating ratio which is not always shown in the income statement.
Does not consider debt.

How to calculate operating ratio

Operating ratio = Operating expenses + COGS \ Net sales

Real life example Yara

You need the following data to determine operating ratio:

Income statement

COGS is not always specified on the income statement. If so you can use the following calculation:

(cost of revenue + total operating expenses) \ total revenue
( +) \ = 0.00

The operating ratio measures the efficiency of a company at keeping low costs while generating profits from sales. It compares the total operating expenses to the net amount of sales. The total operating expenses exists of:

COGS (materials, labour, rent of facility, repairs)
Operating expenses (legal fees, marketing, wages, rent, maintenance/repairs)

Operating expenses are all the costs the company makes that are not directly tied to the production of the service or product. Where COGS are costs that are directly tied to the production of a product or service.

Do note that COGS is not always available in the income statement. Some companies include COGS in the operating expenses while others list COGS separately. To make it even more confusing, COGS is also known as “costs of sales” and costs of sales is the same as costs of revenue.

The operating ratio tells you how efficient the company is creating its products or services while keeping prices low. In this case, a lower ratio is better. Higher or rising operating ratios might tell you that costs are rising while sales are not improving or staying the same.

1.3. Liquidity of Yara International ASA.

1.3. Liquidity

1.3.1. Current Ratio

Measures if Yara is able to pay off Short-term Debt.

Above 1.5 is considered healthy (always compare to industry mean).
A Current Ratio of 1.99 means the company has kr1.99 in assets for each kr1 in short-term debts.

Let's take a look of the Current Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 1.987. The company is able to pay all its short-term debts. +1
The TTM is 1.987. The company is able to pay all its short-term debts. +1

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	1.987	TTM	1.987	0.000
TTM	1.987	YOY	1.389	+0.599
TTM	1.987	5Y	1.613	+0.374
5Y	1.613	10Y	1.687	-0.074

Measures if Yara is able to pay off Short-term Debt.

How to use current ratio

Higher is better
Above 1.5 is considered healthy (always compare to industry mean).
Can be very different between industries
Can be used to compare companies

Why do investors use current ratio in their analysis

Shows if the company can pay of short term debts if needed. A company that can't pay off it's short term debts might get in trouble if they have to pay off their short term debts for whatever reason. For example, markets can change due to global events like covid-19 or the war in Ukraine versus Russia. Because debts are always taken based on future income, it might become troublesome for Yara if something happens in the market that will cause sales to plummet.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current current Ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Current Ratio of Yara is 1.99. This means Yara has kr1.99 in assets for each kr1 in short-term debts.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Current Ratio of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Might be deluded.
Not all assets can always be quickly sold.
Can be manipulated by increasing or decreasing the assets and/or liabilities.

How to calculate current ratio

Current ratio = current assets \ current liabilities

Real life example Yara

You need the following data to determine operating ratio:

Balance sheet
Current ratio = current assets \ current liabilities
6,319,000 \ 3,515,000) = 1.99

The current ratio measures if Yara is able to pay short-term debts (obligations). Short term in this context means all debt obligations that are about to expire within one year. The current ratio incorporates current liabilities and current assets. Current assets are all the assets a company has that are expected to be consumed or sold within standard business operations. You can find the current assets in the balance sheet. They consist of:

Inventory
Accounts receivable
Marketable securities
Prepaid expenses
Cash
Cash equivalents
liquid assets

The current liabilities are short term obligations that are due within one year. These consist of:

Short term debts
Dividends
Income taxes
Short-term debts
Accounts payable
Interest payments

The result shows an investor if Yara is able to pay all its short-term debts if they were due all at once. When the result of the above formula is below 1, then Yara does not have enough capital after selling all its assets to pay all short-term debts. If the ratio drops far below 1 that might indicate Yara is or will be in financial trouble anytime soon.

Although this gives an investor some clues, the current ratio may also be deluded. Because owning assets does not mean the company can easily sell them. Also, Accounts receivable may be quite old (they will probably never pay) which deludes the current ratio. As with all ratios, you should only compare them between the same industries and companies.

1.3.2. Quick Ratio

Measures if Yara is able to pay off Short-term Debt but only using the most liquid assets.

Above 1 is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
A Quick Ratio of 0.00 means the company can pay off kr0.00 for each kr1 in debt (using most liquid assets).

Let's take a look of the Quick Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.000. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-	TTM	-	0.000
TTM	-	YOY	0.425	-0.425
TTM	-	5Y	0.504	-0.504
5Y	0.504	10Y	0.572	-0.068

1.4. Solvency of Yara International ASA.

1.3. Liquidity

1.4.1. Debt to Asset Ratio

Measures how much % of Yara assets are financed with debt.

Below 1 (100%) is considered healthy but always compare Yara to industry mean.
A Debt to Asset Ratio of 0.51 means that Yara assets are financed with 51.0% credit (debt) and the remaining percentage (100% - 51.0%) is financed by its owners/shareholders.

Let's take a look of the Debt to Asset Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.510. The company is able to pay all its debts by selling its assets. +1
The TTM is 0.510. The company is able to pay all its debts by selling its assets. +1

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	0.510	TTM	0.510	0.000
TTM	0.510	YOY	0.510	0.000
TTM	0.510	5Y	0.496	+0.014
5Y	0.496	10Y	0.468	+0.028

Measures how much % of Yara assets are financed with debt.

When there are more debts than assets, that means creditors have a larger stake Yara than its shareholders.

How to use debt to asset ratio

Lower is better.
below 1 (100%) is considered healthy but always compare Yara to industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use the debt to asset ratio in their analysis

It shows how much debt the company used to finance its assets. If a company is almost entirely financed with debt that means the company might get into serious trouble when emergencies arise like a raise in interest.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current debt to asset ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Debt to Asset Ratio of Yara is 0.51. This means means that Yara is financed with 51.0% credit and the remaining percentage is financed by it's owners (shareholders).
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Current Ratio of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry
Some companies can have higher debt to assets ratio's (for example, banks).
Debt to asset ratio should improve over the years.
If the debt to asset ratio is above 1, look at the industry mean and find out why Yara has so much debt.

How to calculate debt to asset ratio

Debt to asset ratio = total debt \ total assets

Real life example Yara

You need the following data to determine debt to asset ratio:

Balance sheet
Debt to asset ratio = total debt \ total assets
\ = 51.0% or 0.51.

The debt to total assets ratio shows if the company is owned by creditors or shareholders. Or in other words, the total debt in relation to the total amount of assets. It shows how much debt the company used to finance its assets.

1.4.2. Debt to Equity Ratio

Measures if Yara is able to pay off its debts by using shareholders equity.

Below 2 is considered healthy but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
A Debt to Equity ratio of 104.0% means that company has kr1.04 debt for each kr1 in shareholders equity.

Let's take a look of the Debt to Equity Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 1.040. The company is able to pay all its debts with equity. +1
The TTM is 1.040. The company is able to pay all its debts with equity. +1

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	1.040	TTM	1.040	0.000
TTM	1.040	YOY	1.040	0.000
TTM	1.040	5Y	0.986	+0.053
5Y	0.986	10Y	0.894	+0.092

Measures if Yara is able to pay off its debts by using shareholders equity.

How to use debt to equity ratio

Lower is better.
Below 2 is considered healthy (always use industry average).
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use the debt to shareholders equity ratio in their analysis

It shows how much debt the company uses to finance their operations. Shareholders equity is whats left over when you subtract total liabilities from total assets. It's another way to meassure how much of Yara is financed with debt or own resources.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current debt to equity ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) quickRatio of Yara is 1.04. This means that Yara can pay off kr1.04 for each kr1 in debt.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Quick Ratio of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Not all debt is equally risky (for example, short term risk is less risky).

How to calculate debt to equity ratio

Debt to equity ratio = total debt \ shareholders equity.

Real life example Yara

You need the following data to determine equity ratio:

Balance sheet
Debt to equity ratio = total debt \ shareholders equity
\ = 1.04 or 104.0%

Debt to equity measures the total debt versus the total shareholders equity. While the total debts to total assets ratio uses total assets, the debt to equity ratio looks at the total equity of shareholders. Where equity of shareholders are:

Common shares.
Preferred shares.
Retained earnings.

You can find the shareholders' equity in the balance sheet. A ratio between 0,5 and 1,5 is preferred. If the ratio is above 1.5, that would indicate creditors have significantly more stake (debt) in the company than the shareholders. In other words, the company is using a lot of debt to finance their operations.

Not all debt is equally risky. Meaning you can adjust the ratio by including or excluding certain amounts of debt. Short term debts are less risky because they have to be paid back within one year anyway. It’s much easier to plan one year ahead versus five or ten years.

2. Market Valuation of Yara International ASA

2.1. Earnings Per Share

2.1. Price to Earnings Ratio

Measures how much money you pay for each share for every kr1 in earnings Yara generates.

Above 15 is considered overpriced but always compare Yara to the industry mean.
A PE ratio of 0.00 means the investor is paying kr0.00 for every kr1 in earnings.

Let's take a look of the Price to Earnings Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.000. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to
MRQ	-	TTM	-
TTM	-	YOY	-
TTM	-	5Y	-
5Y	-	10Y	-

Measures how much money you pay for each share for every kr1 in earnings Yara generates.

Indicates if the company’s shares are under or overvalued.

How to use PE ratio

Above 15 is considered overpriced but is hard to determine. Always compare Yara to the industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use PE ratio in their analysis

The PE ratio tells investors the current sentiment in the market for that company. As with every stock, the stock price never shows the real valuation of a company but rather how the market thinks how much the stock is worth.

In other words, the current stock price also incorporates any future earnings or business opportunities in the future. The best example is the stock market crash in 2000. The PE ratio for any internet based company was going through the roof. Only based on the general assumption the internet and all associated businesses would thrive in the future. But this was based on nothing. A business still needs a good product or service to be able to survive. Instead, every investor bought any stock which did something related to the internet. Result: huge market crash.

Many investors were willing to pay premium prices and that was causing the PE ratio to rise. A high PE ratio is a warning sign that investors might be overvaluing a stock based on future earnings.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current PE Ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) PE Ratio of Yara is 0.00. This means the investor is paying kr0.00 for every kr1 in earnings.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Quick Ratio of the industry is .
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how Yara is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if Yara released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for Yara up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Some industries might have very high or very low PE ratios in general.
PE ratios can be high for several years, it does not mean a sudden collapse is imminent.
Earnings growth is not included in the PE ratio.

How to calculate PE ratio

PE ratio = market value per share \ earnings per share

Real life example Yara

You need the following data to determine the PE ratio:

Balance sheet
Income statement

The PE ratio is a very commonly used ratio to determine the value of a company by comparing the current stock price relative to its earnings per share (EPS). Before we can calculate the PE ratio we need to know the EPS. EPS is calculated as follows:

EPS = (net profit - preferred dividends) \ end of period outstanding shares*
Net profit = revenue - expenses
\ = EPS
PE ratio MRQ = 0.00

* The net profit minus preferred dividends can be found in the incomestatement as netIncomeApplicableToCommonShares.

The PE value helps investors to determine if the current stock price is under or overvalued. It also projects future growth.

In general, a higher PE ratio means that investors predict higher future growth. If the PE ratio is too high, then investors expect way too much future growth the company can never fulfil. This is most likely to happen in faster moving companies like tech companies or automobile companies like Tesla. These are hot and booming markets where investors expect much future growth driven by new technology (electric cars). When looking at the current MRQ (most recent quarter) PE ratio of Tesla ( jan. 2021) it's about 247 while the average in the industry is only 6. That might be a clue that Tesla is trading for way too high prices compared to their current assets and is more based on future growth.

2.2. Price To Free Cash Flow Ratio

Let's take a look of the Price To Free Cash Flow Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.000. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to
MRQ	-	TTM	-
TTM	-	YOY	-
TTM	-	5Y	-
5Y	-	10Y	-

2. Book Value per Share

2.3. Price to Book Ratio

Measures if the stock price of Yara is to cheap or to expensive compared to its book value.

At or below 1 is considered healthy (always compare to industry mean).
A PB ratio of 0.00 means the investor is paying kr0.00 for each kr1 in book value.

Let's take a look of the Price to Book Ratio trends of Yara International ASA:

The MRQ is 0.000. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to
MRQ	-	TTM	-
TTM	-	YOY	-
TTM	-	5Y	-
5Y	-	10Y	-

2. Total Gains per Share

3. Summary

3.1. Key Performance Indicators

The key performance indicators of Yara International ASA compared to the Most Recent Quarter (MRQ).

	End of day	+/-	Most Recent Quarter	Trailing 12 Months	+/-	Year-Over-Year	+/-	5 Year	+/-	10 Year	+/-
Book Value Per Share	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Current Ratio	-	-	1.987	1.987	0%	1.389	+43%	1.613	+23%	1.687	+18%
Debt To Asset Ratio	-	-	0.510	0.510	0%	0.510	0%	0.496	+3%	0.468	+9%
Debt To Equity Ratio	-	-	1.040	1.040	0%	1.040	0%	0.986	+5%	0.894	+16%
Eps	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Gross Profit Margin	-	-	1.000	1.000	0%	1.000	0%	1.000	0%	1.000	0%
Market Cap	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Net Profit Margin	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	0.024	-100%	0.032	-100%
Operating Margin	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	0.041	-100%	0.030	-100%
Operating Ratio	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	0.438	-100%	0.524	-100%
Pb Ratio	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Pe Ratio	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Price Per Share	335.200	-28%	428.800	428.800	0%	442.400	-3%	386.130	+11%	378.611	+13%
Price To Free Cash Flow Ratio	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Quick Ratio	-	-	-	-	0%	0.425	-100%	0.504	-100%	0.572	-100%
Return On Assets	-	-	0.167	0.167	0%	0.027	+518%	0.056	+197%	0.052	+221%
Return On Equity	-	-	0.341	0.341	0%	0.055	+518%	0.113	+201%	0.101	+239%
Usd Book Value	-	-	737574600.000	737574600.000	0%	737574600.000	0%	759880320.000	-3%	772796644.946	-5%
Usd Book Value Per Share	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Usd Eps	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Usd Free Cash Flow	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Usd Market Cap	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Usd Price Per Share	30.369	-28%	38.849	38.849	0%	40.081	-3%	34.983	+11%	34.302	+13%
Usd Profit	-	-	251596200.000	251596200.000	0%	40679400.000	+518%	84692880.000	+197%	76118417.010	+231%
Usd Revenue	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	677271240.000	-100%	772308494.631	-100%
	EOD	+1 -1	MRQ	TTM	+0 -0	YOY	+5 -2	5Y	+6 -8	10Y	+6 -8

3.2. Fundamental Score

Let's check the fundamental score of Yara International ASA based on Penke's default stock scanner.

Penke's Stock Scanner

Indicator	Condition		Value
Net Profit Margin (MRQ)	Greater than	0	0.000
Operating Margin (MRQ)	Greater than	0	0.000
Quick Ratio (MRQ)	Greater than	1	0.000
Current Ratio (MRQ)	Greater than	1	1.987
Debt to Asset Ratio (MRQ)	Less than	1	0.510
Debt to Equity Ratio (MRQ)	Less than	1	1.040
Return on Equity (MRQ)	Greater than	0.15	0.341
Return on Assets (MRQ)	Greater than	0.05	0.167
Total			4/8 (50.0%)

Create your own Stock Scanner

Investing is personal. The best investors buy stocks based on their own analysis. Create your personal Stock Scanner with the key performance indicators that are important to you.
Create your own Stock Scanner

3.3. Technical Score

Let's check the technical score of Yara International ASA based on Penke's default Symbol scanner.

Penke's Symbol Scanner

Indicator	Condition		Value
Open	Greater than	Close	335.200
Total			0/1 (0.0%)

Create your own Symbol Scanner

Trading is personal. The best traders buy and sell based on their own technical analysis. Create your personal Symbol Scanner with the technical indicators that are important to you.
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Latest Balance Sheet

Balance Sheet of 2022-12-31. Currency in NOK. All numbers in thousands.

Summary

	As reported
Total Liabilities	-
Total Stockholder Equity	+ -
Total Assets	= -

Assets

Total Assets	-
Total Current Assets	8,620,000
Long-term Assets	-

Total Current Assets

Total Current Assets (as reported)	8,620,000
Inventory	4,365,000
Total Current Assets (calculated)	4,365,000
+/-	4,255,000

Long-term Assets

Long-term Assets (as reported)	0
Property Plant Equipment	7,373,000
Long-term Assets (calculated)	7,373,000
+/-	7,373,000

Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity

Total Current Liabilities	4,338,000
Long-term Liabilities	-
Total Stockholder Equity	-

Total Current Liabilities

Total Current Liabilities (as reported)	4,338,000
Other Current Liabilities	1,460,000
Total Current Liabilities (calculated)	1,460,000
+/-	2,878,000

Long-term Liabilities

Long-term Liabilities (as reported)	0
Long-term Liabilities (calculated)	0
+/-	0

Total Stockholder Equity

Total Stockholder Equity (as reported)	0
Common Stock	63,000
Other Stockholders Equity	-2,221,000
Total Stockholder Equity (calculated)	-2,158,000
+/-	2,158,000

Other

Net Tangible Assets	7,721,000

Balance Sheet

Currency in NOK. All numbers in thousands.

Trend

2022-12-31

2021-12-31

2020-12-31

2019-12-31

2018-12-31

2017-12-31

2016-12-31

> Total Assets

13,835,882
15,783,000
16,656,000
16,725,000
16,605,000
0
0

16,605,000

16,725,000

16,656,000

15,783,000

13,835,882

> Total Current Assets

4,198,471
4,783,000
5,319,000
4,785,000
5,637,000
7,698,000
8,620,000

8,620,000

7,698,000

5,637,000

4,785,000

5,319,000

4,783,000

4,198,471

Cash And Cash Equivalents

430,674
544,000
202,000
300,000
1,363,000
0
0

1,363,000

300,000

202,000

544,000

430,674

Net Receivables

1,186,277
1,410,000
1,759,000
1,739,000
1,612,000
2,357,000
0

2,357,000

1,612,000

1,739,000

1,759,000

1,410,000

1,186,277

Inventory

2,018,462
2,229,000
2,568,000
2,360,000
2,161,000
4,003,000
4,365,000

4,365,000

4,003,000

2,161,000

2,360,000

2,568,000

2,229,000

2,018,462

Other Current Assets

132,497
154,000
555,000
194,000
311,000
767,000
0

767,000

311,000

194,000

555,000

154,000

132,497

> Long-term Assets

Property Plant Equipment

6,858,983
7,967,000
8,430,000
9,042,000
9,009,000
7,554,000
7,373,000

7,373,000

7,554,000

9,009,000

9,042,000

8,430,000

7,967,000

6,858,983

Goodwill

803,826
866,000
842,000
844,000
831,000
0
0

831,000

844,000

842,000

866,000

803,826

Intangible Assets

250,528
240,000
210,000
187,000
157,000
0
0

157,000

187,000

210,000

240,000

250,528

> Total Liabilities

5,288,532
6,558,000
7,973,000
7,895,000
8,464,000
0
0

8,464,000

7,895,000

7,973,000

6,558,000

5,288,532

> Total Current Liabilities

2,185,749
2,625,000
3,630,000
3,317,000
3,165,000
5,544,000
4,338,000

4,338,000

5,544,000

3,165,000

3,317,000

3,630,000

2,625,000

2,185,749

Accounts payable

0
0
1,475,000
1,285,000
1,431,000
3,024,000
0

3,024,000

1,431,000

1,285,000

1,475,000

Other Current Liabilities

0
0
675,000
783,000
1,033,000
1,439,000
1,460,000

1,460,000

1,439,000

1,033,000

783,000

675,000

> Long-term Liabilities

Other Liabilities

0
0
1,340,000
1,464,000
1,514,000
1,201,000
1,155,000

1,155,000

1,201,000

1,514,000

1,464,000

1,340,000

> Total Stockholder Equity

8,547,350
9,225,000
8,683,000
8,830,000
8,141,000
0
0

8,141,000

8,830,000

8,683,000

9,225,000

8,547,350

Common Stock

53,275
66,000
66,000
66,000
64,000
63,000
63,000

63,000

64,000

66,000

53,275

Retained Earnings

6,994,236
10,370,000
10,189,000
10,395,000
9,724,000
8,883,000
10,745,000

10,745,000

8,883,000

9,724,000

10,395,000

10,189,000

10,370,000

6,994,236

Capital Surplus

13,433
-49,000
-49,000
-49,000
-49,000
0
0

-49,000

13,433

Treasury Stock

Other Stockholders Equity

1,486,406
-1,162,000
-1,572,000
-1,631,000
-1,647,000
-1,842,000
-2,221,000

-2,221,000

-1,842,000

-1,647,000

-1,631,000

-1,572,000

-1,162,000

1,486,406

Balance Sheet

Currency in NOK. All numbers in thousands.

	2022-12-31	2021-12-31	2020-12-31	2019-12-31	2018-12-31	2017-12-31	2016-12-31
Accounts Payable	-	3,024,000	1,431,000	1,285,000	1,475,000	-	-
Capital Surpluse	-	-	-49,000	-49,000	-49,000	-49,000	13,433
Cash	-	-	1,363,000	300,000	202,000	544,000	430,674
Cash And Short Term Investments	-	-	1,363,000	300,000	202,000	544,000	430,674
Common Stock	63,000	63,000	64,000	66,000	66,000	66,000	53,275
Good Will	-	-	831,000	844,000	842,000	866,000	803,826
Intangible Assets	-	-	157,000	187,000	210,000	240,000	250,528
Inventory	4,365,000	4,003,000	2,161,000	2,360,000	2,568,000	2,229,000	2,018,462
Long Term Debt	-	-	3,371,000	2,698,000	2,735,000	2,429,000	1,550,703
Net Receivables	-	2,357,000	1,612,000	1,739,000	1,759,000	1,410,000	1,186,277
Net Tangible Assets	7,721,000	6,183,000	7,153,000	7,799,000	7,631,000	-	-
Other Assets	-	945,000	833,000	877,000	807,000	561,000	429,067
Other Current Assets	-	767,000	311,000	194,000	555,000	154,000	132,497
Other Current Liab	1,460,000	1,439,000	1,033,000	783,000	675,000	-	-
Other Liab	1,155,000	1,201,000	1,514,000	1,464,000	1,340,000	-	-
Other Stockholder Equity	-2,221,000	-1,842,000	-1,647,000	-1,631,000	-1,572,000	-1,162,000	1,486,406
Property Plant Equipment	7,373,000	7,554,000	9,009,000	9,042,000	8,430,000	7,967,000	6,858,983
Retained Earnings	10,745,000	8,883,000	9,724,000	10,395,000	10,189,000	10,370,000	6,994,236
Short Long Term Debt Total	-	-	3,706,000	3,035,000	2,776,000	2,429,000	1,606,503
Total Assets	-	-	16,605,000	16,725,000	16,656,000	15,783,000	13,835,882
Total Current Assets	8,620,000	7,698,000	5,637,000	4,785,000	5,319,000	4,783,000	4,198,471
Total Current Liabilities	4,338,000	5,544,000	3,165,000	3,317,000	3,630,000	2,625,000	2,185,749
Total Liab	-	-	8,464,000	7,895,000	7,973,000	6,558,000	5,288,532
Total Stockholder Equity	-	-	8,141,000	8,830,000	8,683,000	9,225,000	8,547,350

	2023-09-30	2023-06-30	2022-12-31	2022-09-30	2022-06-30	2022-03-31	2021-12-31	2021-09-30	2021-06-30	2021-03-31	2020-12-31	2020-09-30
Accounts Payable	2,075,000	2,145,000	-	3,241,000	3,353,000	3,306,000	3,024,000	2,770,000	2,316,000	-	-	-
Capital Surpluse	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-49,000	-49,000	-49,000	-49,000	-49,000
Cash	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	488,000	1,583,000	1,361,000	1,363,000	1,791,000
Cash And Short Term Investments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	488,000	1,583,000	1,361,000	1,363,000	1,791,000
Common Stock	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	64,000	65,000
Common Stock Shares Outstanding	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	28,861	30,650	30,675	29,715	29,420
Good Will	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	793,000	836,000	820,000	-	-
Intangible Assets	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	137,000	140,000	147,000	988,000	957,000
Inventory	2,794,000	3,338,000	4,365,000	4,615,000	4,815,000	4,616,000	4,003,000	3,263,000	2,707,000	2,079,000	2,161,000	2,009,000
Long Term Debt	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3,146,000	3,337,000	3,349,000	3,371,000	3,407,000
Net Receivables	1,710,000	1,944,000	-	2,774,000	2,478,000	2,937,000	2,357,000	1,772,000	1,742,000	1,598,000	1,478,000	1,389,000
Net Tangible Assets	6,263,000	6,290,000	7,721,000	6,925,000	6,802,000	7,181,000	6,183,000	6,135,000	6,956,000	-	-	-
Other Assets	1,118,000	1,112,000	-	934,000	1,004,000	983,000	945,000	816,000	898,000	872,000	863,000	884,000
Other Current Assets	13,000	16,000	-	8,000	26,000	20,000	767,000	429,000	6,000	5,000	5,000	6,000
Other Current Liab	1,139,000	1,183,000	1,460,000	1,529,000	1,855,000	2,006,000	1,439,000	1,059,000	1,484,000	-	-	-
Other Liab	1,188,000	1,209,000	1,155,000	1,106,000	1,101,000	1,134,000	1,201,000	1,309,000	1,377,000	-	-	-
Other Stockholder Equity	-2,180,000	-2,134,000	-2,221,000	-2,532,000	-2,199,000	-1,821,000	-1,842,000	-1,799,000	-1,634,000	-	1,000	-
Property Plant Equipment	7,198,000	7,220,000	7,373,000	6,846,000	7,155,000	7,536,000	7,554,000	7,818,000	8,760,000	8,545,000	9,009,000	8,407,000
Retained Earnings	9,259,000	9,250,000	10,745,000	10,239,000	9,826,000	9,865,000	8,883,000	8,801,000	9,503,000	7,878,000	8,125,000	8,187,000
Short Long Term Debt Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3,457,000	3,650,000	3,663,000	3,706,000	3,726,000
Total Assets	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	16,222,000	17,331,000	16,133,000	16,605,000	16,178,000
Total Current Assets	6,319,000	6,837,000	8,620,000	8,940,000	8,855,000	9,104,000	7,698,000	6,546,000	6,586,000	5,644,000	5,637,000	5,826,000
Total Current Liabilities	3,515,000	3,963,000	4,338,000	5,557,000	5,902,000	6,029,000	5,544,000	4,311,000	4,292,000	3,180,000	3,165,000	2,621,000
Total Liab	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9,157,000	9,399,000	8,241,000	8,464,000	7,975,000
Total Stockholder Equity	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7,065,000	7,932,000	7,892,000	8,141,000	8,203,000

Cash Flow

Currency in NOK. All numbers in thousands.

	2023-12-31	2022-12-31	2021-12-31	2020-12-31	2019-12-31	2018-12-31	2017-12-31	2016-12-31
Capital Expenditures	0	926,000	809,000	739,000	1,066,000	1,336,000	1,341,000	1,478,024
Change In Cash	-	614,000	-968,000	1,064,000	98,000	-341,000	109,000	60,967
Change In Working Capital	-	-	-	-18,000	-26,000	-600,000	-473,000	33,297
Change To Account Receivables	-	-299,000	-743,000	39,000	-5,000	-209,000	-	-
Change To Inventory	-	-605,000	-2,042,000	119,000	171,000	-468,000	-	-
Change To Liabilities	-	-620,000	1,669,000	68,000	-54,000	249,000	-	-
Change To Netincome	-	457,000	816,000	62,000	270,000	277,000	-	-
Change To Operating Activities	-	-283,000	273,000	149,000	4,000	-59,000	-	-
Depreciation	-	-	958,000	895,000	899,000	782,000	724,000	737,921
Dividends Paid	-	796,000	796,000	926,000	203,000	219,000	321,000	471,663
Investments	-	-	13,000	1,006,000	37,000	-24,000	-	-
Net Borrowings	-	-169,000	74,000	8,000	-490,000	1,138,000	-	-
Net Income	48,000	2,777,000	449,000	691,000	599,000	159,000	457,000	1,007,050
Other Cashflows From Financing Activities	-	-3,000	-1,000	-1,000	-1,000	-1,000	6,000	37,430
Other Cashflows From Investing Activities	-	-	-1,000	-1,000	-1,000	-1,000	-9,000	260,517
Sale Purchase Of Stock	-	-	-	-309,000	-65,000	-21,000	-	-39,611
Total Cash From Financing Activities	-	-1,226,000	-1,504,000	-1,228,000	-758,000	897,000	651,000	-343,185
Total Cash From Operating Activities	-	2,391,000	1,406,000	2,047,000	1,907,000	756,000	792,000	1,617,181
Total Cashflows From Investing Activities	-	-509,000	-874,000	248,000	-1,044,000	-2,000,000	-1,350,000	-1,217,507

	2023-12-31	2023-09-30	2023-06-30	2023-03-31	2022-12-31	2022-09-30	2022-06-30	2022-03-31	2021-12-31	2021-09-30	2021-06-30	2021-03-31	2020-12-31	2020-09-30
Capital Expenditures	0	286,000	244,000	244,000	284,000	236,000	226,000	180,000	284,000	195,000	140,000	190,000	739,000	470,000
Change In Cash	-	241,000	-561,000	-561,000	498,000	-67,000	-119,000	302,000	-94,000	-1,095,000	223,000	-2,000	1,064,000	1,491,000
Change In Working Capital	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-555,000	270,000	-8,000	-18,000	1,000
Change To Account Receivables	-	201,000	170,000	170,000	569,000	-420,000	304,000	-752,000	-404,000	-79,000	-100,000	-	-	-
Change To Inventory	-	581,000	754,000	754,000	754,000	-69,000	-537,000	-356,000	-798,000	-747,000	-492,000	-	-	-
Change To Liabilities	-	9,000	-76,000	0	-857,000	-27,000	145,000	119,000	685,000	446,000	465,000	-	-	-
Change To Netincome	-	-50,000	-13,000	-13,000	-13,000	279,000	413,000	-73,000	169,000	539,000	-150,000	-	-	-
Change To Operating Activities	-	10,000	-115,000	-115,000	92,000	-294,000	-267,000	186,000	-57,000	-351,000	544,000	-	-	-
Depreciation	-	251,000	257,000	257,000	257,000	234,000	238,000	247,000	222,000	244,000	250,000	242,000	919,000	681,000
Dividends Paid	-	72,000	1,229,000	1,229,000	1,229,000	-	796,000	796,000	796,000	796,000	625,000	-	926,000	401,000
Investments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	14,000	14,000	-1,000	-	-	-
Net Borrowings	-	-397,000	269,000	269,000	269,000	85,000	-21,000	-263,000	359,000	-16,000	-72,000	-	-	-
Net Income	244,000	0	-300,000	104,000	769,000	400,000	664,000	944,000	40,000	-143,000	539,000	46,000	1,176,000	966,000
Other Cashflows From Financing Activities	-	-1,000	-2,000	-2,000	-2,000	1,000	-2,000	-2,000	-1,000	1,000	-1,000	-	-1,000	-2,000
Other Cashflows From Investing Activities	-	-12,000	-27,000	-27,000	-27,000	5,000	-14,000	-21,000	14,000	-9,000	-3,000	-3,000	987,000	986,000
Sale Purchase Of Stock	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-363,000	-168,000	-169,000	-309,000	-160,000
Total Cash From Financing Activities	-	-470,000	-962,000	-962,000	-962,000	86,000	-819,000	-263,000	323,000	-764,000	-698,000	-365,000	-1,228,000	-592,000
Total Cash From Operating Activities	-	1,014,000	677,000	677,000	677,000	103,000	960,000	315,000	-117,000	-91,000	1,056,000	558,000	2,046,000	1,586,000
Total Cashflows From Investing Activities	-	-291,000	-270,000	-270,000	-273,000	-238,000	-239,000	242,000	-299,000	-227,000	-156,000	-193,000	248,000	516,000

Income Statement

Currency in NOK. All numbers in thousands.

	2022-12-31	2021-12-31	2020-12-31	2019-12-31	2018-12-31	2017-12-31	2016-12-31
Cost Of Revenue	-	-	8,020,000	9,334,000	9,952,000	8,547,000	7,991,871
Ebit	3,714,000	1,750,000	1,086,000	985,000	473,000	-	-
Gross Profit	-	-	3,571,000	3,524,000	2,976,000	2,811,000	2,943,763
Income Before Tax	-	-	850,000	803,000	134,000	581,000	960,205
Income Tax Expense	857,000	355,000	160,000	214,000	-6,000	-	-
Interest Expense	-	0	0	0	0	0	0
Interest Income	-	-	296,000	161,000	242,000	149,000	24,685
Net Income	-	-	690,000	599,000	159,000	477,000	730,114
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	2,777,000	449,000	691,000	599,000	159,000	477,000	730,229
Operating Income	-	-	1,176,000	989,000	402,000	457,000	1,007,050
Other Operating Expenses	-	433,000	380,000	394,000	428,000	-	-
Selling General Administrative	-	-	1,359,000	1,408,000	1,492,000	1,349,000	1,219,115
Tax Provision	-	-	160,000	214,000	-6,000	99,000	234,339
Total Revenue	-	-	11,591,000	12,858,000	12,928,000	11,358,000	10,935,634

	2023-09-30	2023-06-30	2023-03-31	2022-12-31	2022-09-30	2022-06-30	2022-03-31	2021-12-31	2021-09-30	2021-06-30	2021-03-31	2020-12-31	2020-09-30
Cost Of Revenue	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3,351,000	2,753,000	2,172,000	2,010,000	2,077,000
Ebit	106,000	-65,000	-	756,000	718,000	1,223,000	1,065,000	456,000	495,000	521,000	-	-	-
Gross Profit	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,144,000	1,151,000	959,000	902,000	908,000
Income Before Tax	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-50,000	706,000	46,000	302,000	385,000
Income Tax Expense	10,000	7,000	-	-	131,000	254,000	284,000	64,000	92,000	167,000	-	-	-
Interest Expense	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	20,000	2,000	1,000	16,000	2,000
Interest Income	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	164,000	243,000	272,000	87,000	9,000
Net Income	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-142,000	538,000	13,000	249,000	340,000
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	-	-300,000	-300,000	769,000	400,000	664,000	944,000	40,000	-143,000	539,000	13,000	250,000	340,000
Operating Income	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	121,000	477,000	322,000	210,000	384,000
Other Operating Expenses	113,000	124,000	124,000	124,000	128,000	98,000	105,000	136,000	106,000	106,000	-	-	-
Selling General Administrative	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	298,000	317,000	309,000	313,000	280,000
Tax Provision	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	92,000	167,000	32,000	52,000	45,000
Total Revenue	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4,495,000	3,904,000	3,131,000	2,912,000	2,985,000

Latest Income Statement (annual, 2022-12-31)

Gross Profit (+$)
totalRevenue	-
Cost of Revenue	--
Gross Profit	-	0

Operating Income (+$)
Gross Profit	-
Operating Expense	--
Operating Income	-	0

Operating Expense (+$)
Research Development	-
Selling General Administrative	-
Selling And Marketing Expenses	-
Operating Expense	-	0

Net Interest Income (+$)
Interest Income	-
Interest Expense	--
Other Finance Cost	-0
Net Interest Income	-

Pretax Income (+$)
Operating Income	-
Net Interest Income	-
Other Non-Operating Income Expenses	-
Income Before Tax (EBT)	-	0 EBIT - interestExpense = 3,714,000 857,000 0
Interest Expense	-
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)	3,714,000	0
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBITDA)	-

After tax Income (+$)
Income Before Tax	-
Tax Provision	--
Net Income From Continuing Ops	-	0
Net Income	-
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	2,777,000

Non-recurring Events
Discontinued Operations	-
Extraordinary Items	-
Effect of Accounting Charges	-
Other Items	-
Non Recurring	-
Other Operating Expenses	-
Total Other Income/Expenses Net	-	0

Technical Analysis of Yara
The psychology behind the price

Technical indicators reflecting market sentiment and the collective psychology of you and other traders. Your emotions and other traders' emotions, such as fear and greed, play a significant role in driving price movements.

General trend

First of all, I'm going to put something in the back of your mind. One of the most stable factors that gives you more confidence as a trader: the general trend of Yara. The general trend of Yara is UNKNOWN with 0.0% confidence. It is very important for your mental being to use each indicator with this in mind. But beware, also the general trend flips once in a while! You can use moving averages to determine Yara's overall trend. For convenience I use the most commonly used moving averages: 20, 50, 100 & 200. Of course you can use other moving averages or other indicators to determine the trend.

Indicator phases

Some of the indicators I use have 3 zones: overbought, oversold and neutral. Transitions between these zones (market phases) provide valuable trading signals and insights. Expecially with the general trend mind, I use the highlighted phases:

Indicator State	Bullish trend		Bearish trend
Overbought to neutral	Bullish pullback	=	Bearish reversal
Upper to lower neutral	Bullish correction	=	Bearish continuation
Nuetral to oversold	Oversold	=	Oversold
Oversold to neutral	Bullish reversal	=	Bearish correction
Lower to upper neutral	Bullish continuation	=	Bearish pullback
Nuetral to overbought	Overbought	=	Overbought

1. Price Targets

1.1 Support & Resistance

Support and resistance are levels on a price chart that act as barriers or zones where the price of an asset tends to stop, reverse, or experience a significant amount of buying or selling pressure.

Support is a price level at which demand for an asset is strong enough to prevent the price from falling further.
Resistance is a price level at which selling pressure becomes significant enough to prevent the price of an asset from rising further.

Score

Let's take a look at the Support & Resistance of Yara International ASA.

The long score for the Support & Resistance is 0/1.
The longshort score for the Support & Resistance is 0/(-1 +1).

Between support/resistance: The price is trading between support and resistance lines.

The bullish price targets are: 360.00 < 369.20 < 370.10.

The bearish price targets are: 323.50 > 316.67.

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Yara International ASA Daily Support & Resistance Chart

2. Trend Indicators

2.1 Moving Averages

Shows the moving average of the selected period.

Moving averages are lagging trend indicators.
There are many types of moving averages.
Moving averages are also used within other indicators.

Score

Let's take a look at the Moving Averages of Yara International ASA. The current mas is .

Directionalities and relatives.

Moving Average	Amount of candles	Trend	Price +/-	vs. MA 50	vs. MA 100	vs. MA 200

Explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwW8h0lrQ-I

Shows the moving average of the selected period.

There are four types of indicators:

Trend indicators
Momentum indicators
Volatility indicators
Volume indicators

There are various kinds of moving averages:

Simple moving average (SMA);
Exponential moving average (EMA);
Smoothed moving average (SMMA);
Linear weighted moving average (LWMA).

The moving average looks at a certain period of time and it calculates the price average. The various types of averages are using various formulas. Don’t worry, you don’t have to memorize any formula. All moving averages are calculated automatically by basically every charting software you use. But it’s good to know how moving averages are actually calculated.

Simple moving average

SMA is calculated by summing up the price closures of the selected period. The price is then divided by the selected period. For example, when using the 21 day moving average you sum up all the closing prices for each day and divide that by 21. The result is a line on the chart representing the average. Because it’s an average in the selected timeframe, the trend is always lagging. An moving average looks like this on the chart:

Source: Tradingview.com

In this case, the blue line represents a 21 day moving average. Because the average is based on results from the past, the indicator will always lag behind. For example, when price would suddenly go up, the moving average won't immediately follow.

All other moving averages discussed below look the same on the chart. The only difference is that the line will move in different directions based on the maths behind the used indicators and the amount of days used to determine the average.

Exponential moving average

The EMA gives more weight to the latest closing prices by giving them more value in the equation. EMA is calculated by adding a certain percentage to the latest closing prices:

EMA = (CLOSE (i) * P) + (EMA (i - 1) * (1 - P))

Where:

CLOSE (i) = current period close price.
EMA (i - 1) = value of the Moving Average of a preceding period.
P = the percentage of using the price value.

Smoothed moving average

A smoothed moving average is an exponential moving average with a long lookback period. Older prices are reduced in weight but are never left out in the calculation. Unlike SMA and EMA where prices are removed when they are beyond the selected period. SMMA is a combination of the SMA and EMA. The main advantage is that it smooths out fluctuations in price.

Linear weighted moving average

The LWMA gives the latest price the highest weight and then lineary scales down with each price before that. The result is that the LWMA reacts quicker to changes in price than the SMA or EMA. The formula:

LWMA = ((Pn∗W1)+(Pn−1∗W2)+(Pn−2∗W3)...) / ∑W

Where:

P = Price for the period.
n = The most recent period, n-1 is the prior period, and n-2 is two periods prior.
W = The assigned weight to each period, with the highest weight going first and then descending linearly based on the number of periods being used.

Moving averages are widely used by many traders. Which moving average you need depends on your trading strategy. Common practise is using a combination of multiple periods. For example, the EMA21, EMA50, EMA100 and EMA200. How does that look on a chart:

Source: Tradingview.com

The lowest (purple) line on the chart represents the EMA200 then following up the EMA100, EMA50 and EMA21.

You can use moving averages to determine a trend. The 200 moving average is mostly used as a baseline for determining the current trend:

When the 200 moving average is moving up it is considered a bullish trend.
When the 200 moving average is down it is considered a bearish trend.
When moving averages are flatlined, there is no clear trend so you should look for market structure, consolidation or trend reversals. Depending on how you want to trade.

This is not set in stone. Most trading strategies use multiple moving averages each with different settings. While one strategy might use the EMA20, the other uses the SMA21. There can be hundreds of different variations. Moving averages can also be used as support and resistance. More often than not, prices will bounce on moving averages.

Yara International ASA Daily Moving Averages Chart

2.2 Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD)

Shows the momentum of the selected period based on two moving averages.

MACD is a lagging momentum indicator.
Uses two moving averages.
Can show buy or sell signals based on momentum.
Can show overbought. and oversold. levels.

Score

Let's take a look at the Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD) of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD) Chart

2.3 Directional Movement Index (DMI)

The DMI is a collection of 3 indicators: +DI (Plus Direction Indicator), -DI (Minus Direction Indicator) and ADX (Average Directional Index). The ADX helps you determine the strength of a trend.

Score

Let's take a look at the Directional Movement Index (DMI) of Yara International ASA. The current adx is .

Yara International ASA Daily Directional Movement Index (DMI) Chart

2.4 Parabolic SAR

Shows the current trend and potential entry and exit signals.

Parabolic SAR (stop and reverse) is a lagging trend indicator.
Shows the current trend.
Shows potential entry signals.
Shows potential exit signals.
Can be used to place trailing stoplosses..

Score

Let's take a look at the Parabolic SAR of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Parabolic SAR Chart

3. Momentum Indicators

3.1 Relative Strength Index (RSI)

Measures the speed and change of price movements.

Leading momentum indicator, meaning the signals are instant.
Ranges between 0 and 100.
Above 70 is considered overbought.
Below 30 is considered oversold.
Above or below 50 can also be used to determine price trend or support and resistance.
RSI divergence looks at a deviation between RSI and price movement. Penketrading automatically calculates RSI divergences.
Can be used in many different ways

Score

Let's take a look at the Relative Strength Index (RSI) of Yara International ASA.

Measures the speed and change of price movements.

There are four types of indicators:

Trend indicators
Momentum indicators
Volatility indicators
Volume indicators

The RSI measures the magnitude of recent price changes to determine if the asset is overbought or oversold.

Overbought (RSI above 70) means that the trading price is above its intrinsic value. This might indicate a sell or short signal.
Oversold (RSI below 30) means that the trading price is below its intrinsic value. This might indicate a buy or long signal.
RSI levels above or below 50 can also be used to determine a trend.
RSI divergence looks at a deviation between RSI and price movement.
Can be used in many different ways.

Original usage

Keep in mind that almost every indicator can be used in different ways. Even beyond the orginal settings. The relative strength index was developed by J. Welles Wilder. Wilder recommended a smoothing period of 14 days. That means a 14 day moving average (read more about this setting below). Another quote from the wikipedia page:

Wilders also considers the RSI 50 line as both support and resistance. I recommend to always read the original settings first before using an indicator. Many traders and websites are using their own version of the indicator which might be confusing.

How you can use RSI (Divergence)

First and foremost, there is no real right or wrong usage of the RSI indicator. You can use it in any way you want. Wilder recommends using a 14 day average but you can make it 50 or 100 if you like. Just keep in mind that using an indicator is just part of a larger trading plan. In other words, it’s not recommended to do any trading or investing based on a single indicator like the RSI.

The RSI is measured on a scale between 0 and 100. From 30 till 0 is considered oversold. and from 70 -100 is overbought. The RSI is a leading indicator, meaning the signals are instant.

I like to use the RSI as a trend\momentum indicator and not as an overbought or oversold indicator. I use the middle (50) as the baseline. When prices go above RSI 50 the trend is bullish and can indicate long positions. When below 50 it is considered bearish and can indicate short positions. Other traders use the 70 and 30 levels as overbought/oversold depending on the used strategy. The RSI indicator looks like this:

Source: Tradingview.com

The general concensus is that an RSI above 70 indicates that the security is overbought. In other words, the price this security is trading for is to high and should come down. So if RSI hits 70 or above this might indicate a sell signal or taking a short position (expecting the price will go down). Although RSI above 70 indicates the security is trading above it's fair value, that does not mean the price will go down.

Use tradingview to add indicators

I highly recommend using tradingview to add indicators to a chart. It has all the indicators you can think off and can add them for free (up to three indicators) to any chart you want. You can see that the levels 30 and 70 are marked with a dotted line. If you want you can remove these lines or give it another colour using Tradingview. You can also adjust the moving average used. You can also find RSI indicators made by the community that include other settings like RSI divergences.

Tradingview

Use Tradingview to (back)test your strategies and add hundreds of indicators created by the community.

View tool on Tradingview.com

RSI divergence

RSI is not only used to determine momentum but can also spot reversals or continuations of the trend. A reversal means that the trend is going in the opposite direction. From bullish to bearish or from bearish to bullish. These reversals can be spotted by looking at the price and the direction of the RSI. When the price is going up but the RSI is going down that means there is a divergence. This is also the case when RSI goes up but price is going down.

There are four types of divergences:

Regular bullish divergence
Regular bearish divergence
Hidden bullish divergence
Hidden bearish divergence

Regular bullish divergence

With a regular bullish divergence, the price is making lower highs but the oscillator (in this case the RSI) is making higher lows. A regular bullish divergence might indicate the end of the current trend. You’ll see regular bullish divergences mostly at the end of a downtrend. But that does not mean that every regular bullish divergence is a trend reversal.

Price is making lower highs
RSI is making higher lows
Indicating bullish reversal (price might go up)

Source: Tradingview.com

Regular bearish divergence

With a regular bearish divergence the price is making higher highs but the oscillator (in this case the RSI) is making lower highs. This might indicate the end of an uptrend.

Price is making higher highs
RSI is making lower highs
Indicating bearish reversal

Source: Tradingview.com

Hidden bullish divergence

With a hidden bullish divergence, the price is making a higher low while the RSI is making a lower low. This might indicate bullish trend continuation.

Price is making higher lows
RSI is making lower lows
Indicating bullish continuation

Source: Tradingview.com

As you have noticed, you can have multiple divergences in a row.

Hidden bearish divergence

With a hidden bearish divergence, price is making lower highs but RSI is making higher highs. This might indicate bearish trend continuation.

Price is making lower highs
RSI making higher highs
Indicating bearish continuation

Source: Tradingview.com

You can find many cheatsheets of RSI divergences online. Search for "RSI divergence overview" and you'll find a lot of examples. You can print these to learn the various types of divergences.

Yara International ASA Daily Relative Strength Index (RSI) Chart

3.2 Stochastic Oscillator

Compares a certain price to multiple prices ranging over time.

Leading momentum indicator, meaning the signals are instant.
Used to determine overbought and oversold areas much like the RSI.
Ranges between 0 and 100.
Above 80 is considered overbought.
Below 20 is considered oversold.
Consists of two lines named K and D.
K compares the highest high and lowest low on the selected price range.
The D line is a moving average of the K line.
Can be used to spot divergences

Score

Let's take a look at the Stochastic Oscillator of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Stochastic Oscillator Chart

3.3 Commodity Channel Index (CCI)

Measures the difference between the current price and the historical average price.

Lagging or leading Momentum indicator
When the CCI is above zero, the price is above the historical average
When the CCI is below zero, the price is below the historical average
Used for spotting trends
- If the CCI moves from negative or near zero to positive 100 that might indicate an uptrend
- If the CCI moves from positive or near zero to negative -100 that might indicate a downtrend

Score

Let's take a look at the Commodity Channel Index (CCI) of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Commodity Channel Index (CCI) Chart

3.4 Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO)

Measures the difference between the sum of recent gains and the sum of recent losses. Then divides the result by the sum of all price movements in that period.

Lagging momentum indicator
Ranges between +100 and -100
Considered overbought above +50
Considered oversold below -50
It's possible to add a moving average that acts as a signal line

Score

Let's take a look at the Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) Chart

3.5 Williams %R

Shows the current price relative to the highest high over the last 14 days.

Lagging momentum indicator
Ranging between 0 and -100
Above -20 is considered overbought
Below -80 is considered oversold
Is prone to give false signals

Score

Let's take a look at the Williams %R of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Williams %R Chart

4. Volatility Indicators

4.1 Bollinger Bands

Shows if the price is to high or to low relative to an average.

Lagging volatility indicator
Uses 3 bands: one upper, one lower and one in the middle
Works best when the middle band reflects an intermediate trend (MA20).
When the price is moving closer to the upper band, the market might be overbought
When the price is moving closer to the lower band, the market might be oversold

Score

Let's take a look at the Bollinger Bands of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Bollinger Bands Chart

4.2 Average True Range (ATR)

Measures market volatility

Leading volatility indicator
Can be used to determine stop-loss positions
Calculated by:
- Current high minus the current low
- Current high minus the previous close
- Current low minus the previous close
The larger the range of the candles, the greater the ATR value

Score

Let's take a look at the Average True Range (ATR) of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Average True Range (ATR) Chart

5. Volume Indicators

5.1 On-Balance Volume (OBV)

Measures market volatility

Leading momentum indicator
Calculation:
- If the closing price is above the previous closing price: OBV = previous OBV + current volume
- If the closing price is below the previous closing price: OBV = previous OBV - current volume
- If the closing price is the same as the previous closing price than the OBV is the same.
Can be used to confirm price trends
Can be used with divergences

Score

Let's take a look at the On-Balance Volume (OBV) of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily On-Balance Volume (OBV) Chart

5.2 Money Flow Index (MFI)

Measures the flow of money in and out of a security

Lagging momentum indicator
Looks like RSI but uses volume as an extra metric (RSI only considers price)
Above 80 is considered overbought
Below 20 is considered oversold
Can be used with divergences

Score

Let's take a look at the Money Flow Index (MFI) of Yara International ASA.

Yara International ASA Daily Money Flow Index (MFI) Chart

6. Summary

6.1. Notifications

Type	Notification	Date
Currently no notifications for Yara International ASA.

6.2. Trading Signals

Below you will find trading signals as the indicator is commonly used. This doesn't mean you should use it that way. Learn from these, but don't use them blindly. I recommend using at least 4 indicators, 1 from each category: trend, momentum, volatility and volume.

Date	Indicator	Signal
2023-11-28	SAR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The price broke the SAR to the downside
	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
2023-11-29	CCI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-100 crossover to downside
2023-11-30	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
2023-12-01	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
2023-12-04	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
2023-12-05	MACD	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The MACD line crosses below the signal line.
	CCI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-100 crossover to downside
2023-12-07	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
2023-12-12	MACD	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The MACD line crosses above the signal line.
2023-12-13	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
2023-12-14	DMI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the upside. The trend is reversing to an up trend.
	SAR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The price broke the SAR to the upside.
2023-12-18	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2023-12-19	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
2023-12-20	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
2023-12-27	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
2023-12-29	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
2024-01-02	DMI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the downside. The trend is reversing to a down trend.
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
2024-01-03	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
2024-01-04	DMI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the upside. The trend is reversing to an up trend.
	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	CCI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	100 crossover to upside
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
2024-01-05	MACD	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The MACD line crosses below the signal line.
	DMI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the downside. The trend is reversing to a down trend.
	SAR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The price broke the SAR to the downside
	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	CCI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-100 crossover to downside
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
	BB	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Price closed below the lower band.
	ATR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Price closed below (close - ATR).
2024-01-09	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
2024-01-11	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-01-12	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
	BB	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Price closed below the lower band.
	ATR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Price closed below (close - ATR).
2024-01-16	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
2024-01-18	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-01-22	CCI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-100 crossover to downside
2024-01-23	RSI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	30 crossover to upside
	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
2024-01-26	MACD	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The MACD line crosses above the signal line.
	DMI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the upside. The trend is reversing to an up trend.
	SAR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The price broke the SAR to the upside.
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
	WILLR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	-20 crossover to upside
	ATR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Price closed above (close + ATR).
2024-01-30	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-02-01	DMI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the downside. The trend is reversing to a down trend.
2024-02-02	DMI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the upside. The trend is reversing to an up trend.
	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	WILLR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	-20 crossover to upside
2024-02-05	CCI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	100 crossover to upside
2024-02-06	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-02-07	DMI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the downside. The trend is reversing to a down trend.
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
2024-02-09	DMI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the upside. The trend is reversing to an up trend.
	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	CCI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	100 crossover to upside
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
	BB	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Price closed above the lower band.
	ATR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Price closed above (close + ATR).
2024-02-13	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-02-15	SAR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The price broke the SAR to the downside
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
2024-02-16	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
2024-02-19	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
2024-02-21	MACD	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The MACD line crosses below the signal line.
	DMI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the downside. The trend is reversing to a down trend.
	CCI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-100 crossover to downside
	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
2024-02-23	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	MFI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	20 crossover to downside
2024-02-26	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	MFI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	20 crossover to upside
2024-02-27	BB	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Price closed below the lower band.
2024-02-29	MFI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	20 crossover to downside
2024-03-01	RSI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	30 crossover to upside
	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	ATR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Price closed above (close + ATR).
	MFI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	20 crossover to upside
2024-03-05	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	ATR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Price closed below (close - ATR).
2024-03-06	CCI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-100 crossover to downside
	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
2024-03-07	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	MFI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	20 crossover to downside
2024-03-08	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-03-12	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
2024-03-14	SAR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The price broke the SAR to the upside.
	MFI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	20 crossover to upside
2024-03-18	MACD	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The MACD line crosses above the signal line.
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
2024-03-20	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-03-22	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	WILLR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	-20 crossover to upside
2024-03-26	WILLR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	-20 crossover to upside
2024-03-28	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-04-02	DMI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the upside. The trend is reversing to an up trend.
	CCI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	100 crossover to upside
2024-04-03	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	WILLR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	-20 crossover to upside
	BB	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Price closed above the lower band.
2024-04-05	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
2024-04-09	DMI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the downside. The trend is reversing to a down trend.
	SAR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The price broke the SAR to the downside
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Zero line crossover to downside
	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
	ATR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	Price closed below (close - ATR).
2024-04-11	MACD	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	The MACD line crosses below the signal line.
2024-04-12	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
2024-04-15	DMI	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	The +DI crossed the -DI to the upside. The trend is reversing to an up trend.
	STOCH	LONG EXIT		The %K line crosses below the %D line.
	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
2024-04-18	STOCH	SHORT EXIT		The %K line crosses above the %D line.
	CMO	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Zero line crossover to upside
	ATR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	Price closed above (close + ATR).

6.3. Candlestick Patterns

Yara International ASA Daily Candlestick Chart

Date	Candlestick Pattern

6.4. Technical Score

Let's check the technical score of Yara International ASA based on Penke's default Symbol scanner.

Penke's Symbol Scanner

Indicator	Condition		Value
Open	Greater than	Close	335.200
Total			0/1 (0.0%)

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Quick analysis of Yara (30 sec.)

What can you expect buying and holding a share of Yara? (30 sec.)

What is your share worth?

+ What do you gain per year?

For what price can you sell your share?

1. Valuation of Yara (5 min.)

kr335.20

kr0.00

2. Growth of Yara (5 min.)

Is Yara growing?

How much money is Yara making?

How much money comes from the company's main activities?

3. Financial Health of Yara (5 min.)

What can you expect buying and holding a share of Yara? (5 min.)

What can you expect buying and holding a share of Yara?

Speculation

Investing

How much money are you going to get?

When do you get the money?

Fundamentals of Yara

About Yara International ASA

Financial Health

Valuation

1.1. Profitability of Yara International ASA.

1.1. Profitability

1.1.1. Net Profit Margin

Trends

1.1.2. Return on Assets

Trends

1.1.3. Return on Equity

Trends

1.2. Operating Efficiency of Yara International ASA.

1.2. Operating Efficiency

1.2.1. Operating Margin

Trends

1.2.2. Operating Ratio

Trends

1.3. Liquidity of Yara International ASA.

1.3. Liquidity

1.3.1. Current Ratio

Trends

1.3.2. Quick Ratio

Trends

1.4. Solvency of Yara International ASA.

1.3. Liquidity

1.4.1. Debt to Asset Ratio

Trends

1.4.2. Debt to Equity Ratio

Trends

2. Market Valuation of Yara International ASA

2.1. Earnings Per Share

2.1. Price to Earnings Ratio

Trends

2.2. Price To Free Cash Flow Ratio

Trends

2. Book Value per Share

2.3. Price to Book Ratio

Trends

2. Total Gains per Share

3. Summary

3.1. Key Performance Indicators

Yara International ASA
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