8Common Ltd
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Quick analysis of 8common (30 sec.)

1. Valuation of 8common (5 min.)

Live pricePrice per share (EOD)

A$0.08

Book Value per Share

A$0.03

2. Growth of 8common (5 min.)

Is 8common growing?

	Current year	Previous year	Grow	Grow %
How rich?	$3.7m	$3.8m	$681.3k	15.0%

How much money is 8common making?

	Current year	Previous year	Grow	Grow %
Making money	-$800.5k	-$474.7k	-$325.8k	?
Net Profit Margin	-33.7%	-27.8%	-	-

How much money comes from the company's main activities?

Quarterly Yearly

3. Financial Health of 8common (5 min.)

4. Comparing to competitors in the Software-Application industry (5 min.)

Industry Rankings (Software-Application)

Richest
#627 / 842

Most Revenue
#638 / 842

Most Profit
#478 / 842

Most Efficient
#632 / 842

Fundamentals of 8common

Financial Health

Profitability Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry
The company is making a huge loss.
Using its assets, the company is very inefficient in making profit.
Using its investors money, the company is very inefficient in making profit.

Operating Efficiency Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry
The company is operating very inefficient.
The company is very efficient in keeping operating costs low.

Liquidity Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry
The company is able to pay all its short-term debts.
The company is able to pay all its short-term debts with the most liquid assets.

Solvency Details

	Compared to previous year	Compared to industry
The company is very able to pay all its debts by selling its assets.
The company is very able to pay all its debts with equity.

1.1. Profitability of 8Common Ltd.

1.1. Profitability

1.1.1. Net Profit Margin

Measures how much net profit 8common earns for each $1 of revenue.

Above 10% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
A Net Profit Margin of -42.5% means that $-0.43 for each $1 in revenue is generated as profit.

Let's take a look of the Net Profit Margin trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is -42.5%. The company is making a huge loss. -2
The TTM is -33.7%. The company is making a huge loss. -2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-42.5%	TTM	-33.7%	-8.8%
TTM	-33.7%	YOY	-27.8%	-5.9%
TTM	-33.7%	5Y	-29.6%	-4.1%
5Y	-29.6%	10Y	-27.0%	-2.7%

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	-42.5%	-8.0%	-34.5%
TTM	-33.7%	-8.5%	-25.2%
YOY	-27.8%	-6.2%	-21.6%
5Y	-29.6%	-11.6%	-18.0%
10Y	-27.0%	-11.2%	-15.8%

Measures how much net profit 8common earns for each $1 of revenue.

Revenue is the amount of profit 8common generates before taxes and all other costs. For example, when you buy a cup of coffee it will cost you $3. The company does not earn $3 in profit but also has to pay various costs and taxes to create that cup of coffee. Let's assume the cost of creating a cup of coffee is $1.5.

The $3 you pay for a cup of coffee is called revenue.
The $1.5 that’s left over when all costs to create that cup of coffee (including taxes) are deduced from the revenue is called net profit.

The net profit margin looks at how much net profit 8common earns for each $1 in revenue.

How to use net profit margin

Higher profit margin is better (more profit).
Above 10% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
Can be used to compare companies within the Software-Application industry.

You typically want a high profit margin. This means that for each $1 in sales, 8common makes more profit. This shows the investor how efficiently 8common is operating in general and compared to other companies in the same industry. 8common operates in the Software-Application industry.

Why do investors use net profit margin in their analysis

It helps investors to determine the efficiency of 8common. If profit margins remain low (compared to the Software-Application industry mean) and there are no improvements to make in production costs or other areas that might be a warning sign. If profit margins are high that means the company has low overhead costs and is efficiently using its resources to generate profit.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current net profit margin?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Net Profit Margin of 8common is -0.43. This means that 8common earned $-0.43 for each $1 in revenue in the most recent quarter.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Net Profit Margin of the Software-Application industry is -8.0%.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare 8common with other companies in the same industry (Software-Application).
Net profit margin should rise over the years.
Can be influenced when 8common sells assets (profit will increase while costs remain the same).
It won’t show what part of 8common is doing great or needs improvement (it only looks at total revenue and total net income).

How to calculate net profit margin

Net profit margin = net income / total revenue * 100%

Real example of 8common

You need the following data to determine net profit margin:

Income statement from the period you want to calculate (for example, MRQ or TTM).

Net income MRQ 8common = -1,248
Total revenue MRQ 8common = 2,935
$-1,248 / $2,935 = -0.43 or -42.5%

Higher is better

The higher the net profit margin, the more efficient the company is generating income. This helps investors to determine how the company is managing money. The net profit margin is an important indicator when diving into the financial health of a company. Overall, you want to see the net profit margin rising over the years. That means the company improved their production and made it more efficient (if possible).

You can use the net profit margin to compare companies within the same industry. If there are two companies where one is much bigger but the smaller one has a higher net profit margin, that means the smaller company is more efficiently using operational costs.

Important: Profit margins can be very different between industries. Companies with assembly lines or transports are much more prone to see shifting in prices for fuel, ingredients and maintenance compared to companies that only provide services. You should never compare net profit margin between different industries.

1.1.2. Return on Assets

Shows how efficient 8common is using its assets to generate profit.

Above 5% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
-16.4% Return on Assets means that 8common generated $-0.16 profit for each $1 in assets.

Let's take a look of the Return on Assets trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is -16.4%. Using its assets, the company is very inefficient in making profit. -2
The TTM is -14.2%. Using its assets, the company is very inefficient in making profit. -2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-16.4%	TTM	-14.2%	-2.3%
TTM	-14.2%	YOY	-9.4%	-4.8%
TTM	-14.2%	5Y	-6.7%	-7.5%
5Y	-6.7%	10Y	-4.9%	-1.8%

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	-16.4%	-1.9%	-14.5%
TTM	-14.2%	-2.2%	-12.0%
YOY	-9.4%	-1.4%	-8.0%
5Y	-6.7%	-2.5%	-4.2%
10Y	-4.9%	-2.6%	-2.3%

Shows how efficient 8common is using its assets to generate profit.

For a farm, a tractor is considered an asset. The tractor helps ploughing the land making it possible to plant and harvest crops. But the tractor might be old and needing maintenance all the time reducing its efficiency. Return on assets indicates how effectively the farm is using the tractor (and other assets that help the core business) to plough the land.

How to use return on assets

Higher is better.
Above 5% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use return on assets in their analysis

Shows the investor how effectively 8common is using its resources to generate profit. If the return on assets (-16.4%) from 8common are higher than the Software-Application mean (-1.9%) that means 8common is using its resources better than their competitors. If not, that means their competitors are more efficient in using their resources to generate profit.

An investor should always look at:

What is the current return on assets?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Return on Assets of 8common is -16.4%. This means the company generated $-0.16 for each $1 in assets.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Return on Assets of the Software-Application industry is -1.9%.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
If a company has many assets changing over time, it’s better to calculate the average assets instead of the total assets.

How to calculate return on assets

Return on assets = net income / total assets * 100%

Real example 8common

You need the following data to determine return on assets (ROA):

Income statement
Balance sheet

Net income MRQ (income statement) from 8common = -1,248
Total assets MRQ (balance sheet) from 8common = 7,595
-1,248 / 7,595 = -0.16 or -16.4%

ROA is an important ratio as it will tell you how effectively 8common is using its resources to generate profits. Example:

Bob and Kristin both sell ice cream in the summer. They both have an ice cream truck. The truck Bob owes cost him $20.000 and the truck Kristin owes cost her $1500. Over the summer, Bob earned $2000 and Kristin earned $200. To calculate the return on assets:

Bob: $2000 / $20.000 * 100% = 10%
Kristin: $200 / $1500 * 100% = 13.3%

This tells you Bob’s company is more valuable but Kristin's company is more efficient. Be aware that total assets can change over time. A transportation business will buy and sell trucks or planes all the time. Before using return on assets as a guideline, you have to know what the exact assets are. For a company that has many assets changing over time, it’s better to calculate the average assets instead of the total assets.

1.1.3. Return on Equity

Shows how efficient 8common is using its investors money to generate profit.

Above 15%-20% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
-21.9% Return on Equity means 8common generated $-0.22 for each $1 the owners (shareholders) invested.

Let's take a look of the Return on Equity trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is -21.9%. Using its investors money, the company is very inefficient in making profit. -2
The TTM is -18.2%. Using its investors money, the company is very inefficient in making profit. -2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-21.9%	TTM	-18.2%	-3.7%
TTM	-18.2%	YOY	-12.4%	-5.9%
TTM	-18.2%	5Y	-8.6%	-9.7%
5Y	-8.6%	10Y	-6.7%	-1.9%

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	-21.9%	-2.3%	-19.6%
TTM	-18.2%	-3.6%	-14.6%
YOY	-12.4%	-1.6%	-10.8%
5Y	-8.6%	-3.5%	-5.1%
10Y	-6.7%	-4.4%	-2.3%

Shows how efficient 8common is using its investors money to generate profit.

A publicly traded company (any company that issues shares to the public) is owned by its shareholders. Return on equity calculates the amount of profit for every $1 the shareholders invested.

How to use return on equity

Higher is better.
Above 15%-20% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use return on equity in their analysis

To find out the owners/management's attitude toward their company. You typically want the owners/management to invest in the company and focus on generating profit. If not enough profit is generated (compared to the Software-Application industry mean), the company might not be investing their money efficiently.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current return on equity?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Return on Equity of 8common is -21.9%. This means 8common generated $-0.22 for each $1 the owners (shareholders) invested.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Return on Equity of the Software-Application industry is -2.3%.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if 8common existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Does not include intangible assets (non physical assets like licences, computer software, etc.).
Stockholders equity and shareholders equity refer to the same thing.
Liabilities should not be more than three times return on equity.

How to calculate return on equity

Return on equity = net profit / shareholders equity * 100%

Real example of 8common

You need the following data to determine ROE:

Income statement
Balance sheet
Net profit MRQ (income statement) 8common = -1,248
Shareholders equity (balance sheet) MRQ 8common = 5,689
-1,248 / 5,689 = -0.22 or -21.9%

A negative shareholder equity is a warning sign. It means the company has more liabilities than assets. It might also mean that the owners did not invest enough money or they are taking money out of the business.

1.2. Operating Efficiency of 8Common Ltd.

1.2. Operating Efficiency

1.2.1. Operating Margin

Measures how efficient 8common is operating .

Measures how much profit 8common makes for each $1 of sales after paying variable costs (production costs, wages, etc) but before taxes.
Above 15% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
An Operating Margin of 0.0% means the company generated $0.00 for each $1 in revenue (before taxes).

Let's take a look of the Operating Margin trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is 0.0%. The data is not here.

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-	TTM	-8.4%	+8.4%
TTM	-8.4%	YOY	-14.6%	+6.2%
TTM	-8.4%	5Y	-20.3%	+12.0%
5Y	-20.3%	10Y	-32.1%	+11.7%

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	-	-7.3%	+7.3%
TTM	-8.4%	-4.7%	-3.7%
YOY	-14.6%	-4.1%	-10.5%
5Y	-20.3%	-6.2%	-14.1%
10Y	-32.1%	-6.7%	-25.4%

Measures how efficient 8common is operating .

The more effecient a company creates products or provides services, the more profit it generates.

How to use operating margin

Higher is better
Above 15% is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
Can be very different between industries
Can be used to compare companies

Why do investors use operating margin in their analysis

To determine how much profit 8common is making from it’s core business.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current net profit margin?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Operating Margin of 8common is 0.0%. This means that 8common earned $0.00 for each $1 in revenue in the most recent quarter.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Operating Margin of the Software-Application industry is -7.3%.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry
Can be calculated in different ways

How to calculate operating margin

Operating margin = operating earnings / total revenue

Real example of 8common

You need the following data to determine operating margin:

Income statement
Operating earnings MRQ 8common = -1,248
Total revenue MRQ 8common = 2,935
$-1,248 / $2,935 = 0.00 or 0.0%

Operating margin is used to calculate how much profit a company makes after variable costs of production but before paying interest and taxes. Some variable costs examples are wages, raw materials, packaging, and transaction fees. The amount of variable costs is different for each company and industry. In general, a higher operating margin is better as this implicates that a company is running efficiently.

For investors, a higher operating margin is a good sign. Although you should always look at operating margin in the long term. If operating margin is fluctuating over the years this might be a sign that things are not running efficiently enough. It’s a way to check how much profit a company is making from its core business.

Operation earnings can be calculated in multiple ways:

Operation earnings = EBIT - non operating income + non operating expense
Operation earnings = Gross profit - operating expense - depreciation and amortisation
Operation earnings = Total revenue - COGS (costs of goods sold) - indirect costs

1.2.2. Operating Ratio

Measures how efficient 8common is keeping operating costs low.

Below 1 is considered healthy (always compare to Software-Application industry mean).
An Operation Ratio of 0.29 means that the operating costs are $0.29 for each $1 in net sales.

Let's take a look of the Operating Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is 0.287. The company is very efficient in keeping operating costs low. +2
The TTM is 0.195. The company is very efficient in keeping operating costs low. +2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	0.287	TTM	0.195	+0.091
TTM	0.195	YOY	0.108	+0.087
TTM	0.195	5Y	0.451	-0.255
5Y	0.451	10Y	0.515	-0.065

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	0.287	1.303	-1.016
TTM	0.195	1.321	-1.126
YOY	0.108	1.282	-1.174
5Y	0.451	1.301	-0.850
10Y	0.515	1.239	-0.724

Measures how efficient 8common is keeping operating costs low.

If the operating ratio is below 1 that means the company is making money. The lower the operating ratio, the more efficient the company.

How to use operating ratio

Lower is better.
Below 1 is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use operating ratio in their analysis

Shows if costs of creating products and or services is increasing or decreasing. The lower the operating ratio, the more efficient the company is creating products and services.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current Operatin ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Operating Ratio of 8common is 28.7%. This means that 8common earned $0.29 for each $1 in net sales in the most recent quarter.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Operating Ratio of the Software-Application industry is 1.30.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
You need COGS to calculate operating ratio which is not always shown in the income statement.
Does not consider debt.

How to calculate operating ratio

Operating ratio = Operating expenses + COGS \ Net sales

Real life example 8common

You need the following data to determine operating ratio:

Income statement

COGS is not always specified on the income statement. If so you can use the following calculation:

(cost of revenue + total operating expenses) \ total revenue
(841 +) \ 2,935 = 0.29

The operating ratio measures the efficiency of a company at keeping low costs while generating profits from sales. It compares the total operating expenses to the net amount of sales. The total operating expenses exists of:

COGS (materials, labour, rent of facility, repairs)
Operating expenses (legal fees, marketing, wages, rent, maintenance/repairs)

Operating expenses are all the costs the company makes that are not directly tied to the production of the service or product. Where COGS are costs that are directly tied to the production of a product or service.

Do note that COGS is not always available in the income statement. Some companies include COGS in the operating expenses while others list COGS separately. To make it even more confusing, COGS is also known as “costs of sales” and costs of sales is the same as costs of revenue.

The operating ratio tells you how efficient the company is creating its products or services while keeping prices low. In this case, a lower ratio is better. Higher or rising operating ratios might tell you that costs are rising while sales are not improving or staying the same.

1.3. Liquidity of 8Common Ltd.

1.3. Liquidity

1.3.1. Current Ratio

Measures if 8common is able to pay off Short-term Debt.

Above 1.5 is considered healthy (always compare to Software-Application industry mean).
A Current Ratio of 1.63 means the company has $1.63 in assets for each $1 in short-term debts.

Let's take a look of the Current Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is 1.634. The company is able to pay all its short-term debts. +1
The TTM is 1.939. The company is able to pay all its short-term debts. +1

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	1.634	TTM	1.939	-0.305
TTM	1.939	YOY	2.504	-0.565
TTM	1.939	5Y	2.059	-0.121
5Y	2.059	10Y	1.595	+0.465

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	1.634	1.728	-0.094
TTM	1.939	1.790	+0.149
YOY	2.504	1.952	+0.552
5Y	2.059	1.894	+0.165
10Y	1.595	1.900	-0.305

Measures if 8common is able to pay off Short-term Debt.

How to use current ratio

Higher is better
Above 1.5 is considered healthy (always compare to Software-Application industry mean).
Can be very different between industries
Can be used to compare companies

Why do investors use current ratio in their analysis

Shows if the company can pay of short term debts if needed. A company that can't pay off it's short term debts might get in trouble if they have to pay off their short term debts for whatever reason. For example, markets can change due to global events like covid-19 or the war in Ukraine versus Russia. Because debts are always taken based on future income, it might become troublesome for 8common if something happens in the market that will cause sales to plummet.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current current Ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Current Ratio of 8common is 1.63. This means 8common has $1.63 in assets for each $1 in short-term debts.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Current Ratio of the Software-Application industry is 1.73.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Might be deluded.
Not all assets can always be quickly sold.
Can be manipulated by increasing or decreasing the assets and/or liabilities.

How to calculate current ratio

Current ratio = current assets \ current liabilities

Real life example 8common

You need the following data to determine operating ratio:

Balance sheet
Current ratio = current assets \ current liabilities
2,933 \ 1,795) = 1.63

The current ratio measures if 8common is able to pay short-term debts (obligations). Short term in this context means all debt obligations that are about to expire within one year. The current ratio incorporates current liabilities and current assets. Current assets are all the assets a company has that are expected to be consumed or sold within standard business operations. You can find the current assets in the balance sheet. They consist of:

Inventory
Accounts receivable
Marketable securities
Prepaid expenses
Cash
Cash equivalents
liquid assets

The current liabilities are short term obligations that are due within one year. These consist of:

Short term debts
Dividends
Income taxes
Short-term debts
Accounts payable
Interest payments

The result shows an investor if 8common is able to pay all its short-term debts if they were due all at once. When the result of the above formula is below 1, then 8common does not have enough capital after selling all its assets to pay all short-term debts. If the ratio drops far below 1 that might indicate 8common is or will be in financial trouble anytime soon.

Although this gives an investor some clues, the current ratio may also be deluded. Because owning assets does not mean the company can easily sell them. Also, Accounts receivable may be quite old (they will probably never pay) which deludes the current ratio. As with all ratios, you should only compare them between the same industries and companies.

1.3.2. Quick Ratio

Measures if 8common is able to pay off Short-term Debt but only using the most liquid assets.

Above 1 is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
A Quick Ratio of 1.52 means the company can pay off $1.52 for each $1 in debt (using most liquid assets).

Let's take a look of the Quick Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is 1.519. The company is very able to pay all its short-term debts with the most liquid assets. +2
The TTM is 1.252. The company is able to pay all its short-term debts with the most liquid assets. +1

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	1.519	TTM	1.252	+0.268
TTM	1.252	YOY	1.297	-0.045
TTM	1.252	5Y	1.169	+0.083
5Y	1.169	10Y	0.779	+0.390

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	1.519	1.067	+0.452
TTM	1.252	1.145	+0.107
YOY	1.297	1.429	-0.132
5Y	1.169	1.358	-0.189
10Y	0.779	1.367	-0.588

1.4. Solvency of 8Common Ltd.

1.3. Liquidity

1.4.1. Debt to Asset Ratio

Measures how much % of 8common assets are financed with debt.

Below 1 (100%) is considered healthy but always compare 8common to Software-Application industry mean.
A Debt to Asset Ratio of 0.25 means that 8common assets are financed with 25.1% credit (debt) and the remaining percentage (100% - 25.1%) is financed by its owners/shareholders.

Let's take a look of the Debt to Asset Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is 0.251. The company is very able to pay all its debts by selling its assets. +2
The TTM is 0.218. The company is very able to pay all its debts by selling its assets. +2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	0.251	TTM	0.218	+0.033
TTM	0.218	YOY	0.236	-0.018
TTM	0.218	5Y	0.206	+0.012
5Y	0.206	10Y	0.263	-0.057

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	0.251	0.453	-0.202
TTM	0.218	0.444	-0.226
YOY	0.236	0.447	-0.211
5Y	0.206	0.482	-0.276
10Y	0.263	0.488	-0.225

Measures how much % of 8common assets are financed with debt.

When there are more debts than assets, that means creditors have a larger stake 8common than its shareholders.

How to use debt to asset ratio

Lower is better.
below 1 (100%) is considered healthy but always compare 8common to Software-Application industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use the debt to asset ratio in their analysis

It shows how much debt the company used to finance its assets. If a company is almost entirely financed with debt that means the company might get into serious trouble when emergencies arise like a raise in interest.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current debt to asset ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) Debt to Asset Ratio of 8common is 0.25. This means means that 8common is financed with 25.1% credit and the remaining percentage is financed by it's owners (shareholders).
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Current Ratio of the Software-Application industry is 172.8%.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry
Some companies can have higher debt to assets ratio's (for example, banks).
Debt to asset ratio should improve over the years.
If the debt to asset ratio is above 1, look at the industry mean and find out why 8common has so much debt.

How to calculate debt to asset ratio

Debt to asset ratio = total debt \ total assets

Real life example 8common

You need the following data to determine debt to asset ratio:

Balance sheet
Debt to asset ratio = total debt \ total assets
1,906 \ 7,595 = 25.1% or 0.25.

The debt to total assets ratio shows if the company is owned by creditors or shareholders. Or in other words, the total debt in relation to the total amount of assets. It shows how much debt the company used to finance its assets.

1.4.2. Debt to Equity Ratio

Measures if 8common is able to pay off its debts by using shareholders equity.

Below 2 is considered healthy but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
A Debt to Equity ratio of 33.5% means that company has $0.34 debt for each $1 in shareholders equity.

Let's take a look of the Debt to Equity Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is 0.335. The company is very able to pay all its debts with equity. +2
The TTM is 0.280. The company is very able to pay all its debts with equity. +2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	0.335	TTM	0.280	+0.055
TTM	0.280	YOY	0.310	-0.031
TTM	0.280	5Y	0.260	+0.019
5Y	0.260	10Y	0.379	-0.118

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	0.335	0.732	-0.397
TTM	0.280	0.732	-0.452
YOY	0.310	0.688	-0.378
5Y	0.260	0.793	-0.533
10Y	0.379	0.801	-0.422

Measures if 8common is able to pay off its debts by using shareholders equity.

How to use debt to equity ratio

Lower is better.
Below 2 is considered healthy (always use industry average).
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use the debt to shareholders equity ratio in their analysis

It shows how much debt the company uses to finance their operations. Shareholders equity is whats left over when you subtract total liabilities from total assets. It's another way to meassure how much of 8common is financed with debt or own resources.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current debt to equity ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) quickRatio of 8common is 0.34. This means that 8common can pay off $0.34 for each $1 in debt.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Quick Ratio of the Software-Application industry is 0.73.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Not all debt is equally risky (for example, short term risk is less risky).

How to calculate debt to equity ratio

Debt to equity ratio = total debt \ shareholders equity.

Real life example 8common

You need the following data to determine equity ratio:

Balance sheet
Debt to equity ratio = total debt \ shareholders equity
1,906 \ 5,689 = 0.34 or 33.5%

Debt to equity measures the total debt versus the total shareholders equity. While the total debts to total assets ratio uses total assets, the debt to equity ratio looks at the total equity of shareholders. Where equity of shareholders are:

Common shares.
Preferred shares.
Retained earnings.

You can find the shareholders' equity in the balance sheet. A ratio between 0,5 and 1,5 is preferred. If the ratio is above 1.5, that would indicate creditors have significantly more stake (debt) in the company than the shareholders. In other words, the company is using a lot of debt to finance their operations.

Not all debt is equally risky. Meaning you can adjust the ratio by including or excluding certain amounts of debt. Short term debts are less risky because they have to be paid back within one year anyway. It’s much easier to plan one year ahead versus five or ten years.

2. Market Valuation of 8Common Ltd

2. Earnings Per Share

2.1. Price to Earnings Ratio

Measures how much money you pay for each share for every $1 in earnings 8common generates.

Above 15 is considered overpriced but always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
A PE ratio of -17.91 means the investor is paying $-17.91 for every $1 in earnings.

Let's take a look of the Price to Earnings Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The EOD is -13.972. Company is losing money. -2
The MRQ is -17.912. Company is losing money. -2
The TTM is -30.094. Company is losing money. -2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
EOD	-13.972	MRQ	-17.912	+3.941
MRQ	-17.912	TTM	-30.094	+12.181
TTM	-30.094	YOY	-83.380	+53.287
TTM	-30.094	5Y	-93.324	+63.231
5Y	-93.324	10Y	-1,915.526	+1,822.201

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
EOD	-13.972	-1.879	-12.093
MRQ	-17.912	-2.621	-15.291
TTM	-30.094	-3.215	-26.879
YOY	-83.380	-6.701	-76.679
5Y	-93.324	-2.080	-91.244
10Y	-1,915.526	-1.657	-1,913.869

Measures how much money you pay for each share for every $1 in earnings 8common generates.

Indicates if the company’s shares are under or overvalued.

How to use PE ratio

Above 15 is considered overpriced but is hard to determine. Always compare 8common to the Software-Application industry mean.
Can be very different between industries.
Can be used to compare companies.

Why do investors use PE ratio in their analysis

The PE ratio tells investors the current sentiment in the market for that company. As with every stock, the stock price never shows the real valuation of a company but rather how the market thinks how much the stock is worth.

In other words, the current stock price also incorporates any future earnings or business opportunities in the future. The best example is the stock market crash in 2000. The PE ratio for any internet based company was going through the roof. Only based on the general assumption the internet and all associated businesses would thrive in the future. But this was based on nothing. A business still needs a good product or service to be able to survive. Instead, every investor bought any stock which did something related to the internet. Result: huge market crash.

Many investors were willing to pay premium prices and that was causing the PE ratio to rise. A high PE ratio is a warning sign that investors might be overvaluing a stock based on future earnings.

The three steps every investor should look at:

What is the current PE Ratio?
The current most recent quarter (MRQ) PE Ratio of 8common is -17.91. This means the investor is paying $-17.91 for every $1 in earnings.
How does it compare to the industry?
The mean MRQ Quick Ratio of the Software-Application industry is -2.62.
What is the trend?
The trend is important because it shows you how 8common is performing over time. The most recent quarter might be important if 8common released a new product or service. And you can use MRQ to see if they performed better vs last year. You can find all the trends for 8common up to 10 years back (depending if the company existed 10 years ago) when you exit this learning section.

Things to be aware of

Only compare with other companies in the same industry.
Some industries might have very high or very low PE ratios in general.
PE ratios can be high for several years, it does not mean a sudden collapse is imminent.
Earnings growth is not included in the PE ratio.

How to calculate PE ratio

PE ratio = market value per share \ earnings per share

Real life example 8common

You need the following data to determine the PE ratio:

Balance sheet
Income statement

The PE ratio is a very commonly used ratio to determine the value of a company by comparing the current stock price relative to its earnings per share (EPS). Before we can calculate the PE ratio we need to know the EPS. EPS is calculated as follows:

EPS = (net profit - preferred dividends) \ end of period outstanding shares*
Net profit = revenue - expenses
-1,248 \ 222,796 = EPS
PE ratio MRQ = -17.91

* The net profit minus preferred dividends can be found in the incomestatement as netIncomeApplicableToCommonShares.

The PE value helps investors to determine if the current stock price is under or overvalued. It also projects future growth.

In general, a higher PE ratio means that investors predict higher future growth. If the PE ratio is too high, then investors expect way too much future growth the company can never fulfil. This is most likely to happen in faster moving companies like tech companies or automobile companies like Tesla. These are hot and booming markets where investors expect much future growth driven by new technology (electric cars). When looking at the current MRQ (most recent quarter) PE ratio of Tesla ( jan. 2021) it's about 247 while the average in the industry is only 6. That might be a clue that Tesla is trading for way too high prices compared to their current assets and is more based on future growth.

2.2. Price Earnings to Growth Ratio

Measures the predicted future growth of 8common.

Lower is better.
A PEG ratio of 1 means the market price of the stock and the expected future earnings are on par.

Let's take a look of the Price Earnings to Growth Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The MRQ is -43.098. Very Bad. -2
The TTM is -70.573. Very Bad. -2

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
MRQ	-43.098	TTM	-70.573	+27.475
TTM	-70.573	YOY	-19.648	-50.925
TTM	-70.573	5Y	271,929.872	-272,000.445
5Y	271,929.872	10Y	189,640.360	+82,289.512

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
MRQ	-43.098	3.504	-46.602
TTM	-70.573	4.586	-75.159
YOY	-19.648	10.416	-30.064
5Y	271,929.872	28.331	+271,901.541
10Y	189,640.360	41.372	+189,598.988

PEG Ratio	Meaning
0.5	You can buy the stock cheap based on future growth
1	You pay a fair price based on future growth
2	The stock is overpriced based on future growth

2. Book Value per Share

2.3. Price to Book Ratio

Measures if the stock price of 8common is to cheap or to expensive compared to its book value.

At or below 1 is considered healthy (always compare to Software-Application industry mean).
A PB ratio of 3.93 means the investor is paying $3.93 for each $1 in book value.

Let's take a look of the Price to Book Ratio trends of 8Common Ltd:

The EOD is 3.064. Neutral. Compare to industry.
The MRQ is 3.928. Neutral. Compare to industry.
The TTM is 3.860. Neutral. Compare to industry.

Trends

Current period		Compared to		+/-
EOD	3.064	MRQ	3.928	-0.864
MRQ	3.928	TTM	3.860	+0.068
TTM	3.860	YOY	7.072	-3.212
TTM	3.860	5Y	4.337	-0.477
5Y	4.337	10Y	4.396	-0.059

Compared to industry (Software-Application)

Period	Company	Industry (mean)	+/-
EOD	3.064	2.748	+0.316
MRQ	3.928	2.964	+0.964
TTM	3.860	2.965	+0.895
YOY	7.072	4.692	+2.380
5Y	4.337	4.073	+0.264
10Y	4.396	4.338	+0.058

2. Total Gains per Share

3. Holders & Insider Transactions

Let's take a look at which institutions, funds and insiders are holding shares of 8Common Ltd.

4. Summary

4.1. Key Performance Indicators

The key performance indicators of 8Common Ltd compared to the Most Recent Quarter (MRQ).

	End of day	+/-	Most Recent Quarter	Trailing 12 Months	+/-	Year-Over-Year	+/-	5 Year	+/-	10 Year	+/-
Book Value Change Per Share	-	-	-0.005	-0.003	-38%	0.003	-268%	0.000	-1483%	0.001	-797%
Book Value Growth	-	-	0.826	0.898	-8%	1.140	-28%	1.033	-20%	1.008	-18%
Book Value Per Share	-	-	0.025	0.031	-17%	0.026	-2%	0.025	+1%	0.025	+2%
Book Value Per Share Growth	-	-	0.826	0.898	-8%	1.140	-28%	1.033	-20%	1.008	-18%
Current Ratio	-	-	1.634	1.939	-16%	2.504	-35%	2.059	-21%	1.595	+2%
Debt To Asset Ratio	-	-	0.251	0.218	+15%	0.236	+7%	0.206	+22%	0.263	-4%
Debt To Equity Ratio	-	-	0.335	0.280	+20%	0.310	+8%	0.260	+29%	0.379	-12%
Dividend Per Share	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Eps	-	-	-0.006	-0.004	-25%	-0.002	-62%	-0.002	-61%	-0.002	-71%
Eps Growth	-	-	0.416	0.572	-27%	0.582	-29%	0.514	-19%	-3.915	+1042%
Free Cash Flow Per Share	-	-	-0.006	-0.006	-4%	-0.002	-61%	-0.002	-73%	-0.001	-83%
Free Cash Flow Per Share Growth	-	-	1.391	-0.470	+134%	-1.436	+203%	0.234	+494%	-0.778	+156%
Free Cash Flow To Equity Per Share	-	-	-0.006	-0.001	-91%	0.002	-476%	0.000	-2975%	0.000	-25107%
Free Cash Flow To Equity Per Share Growth	-	-	-1.012	1.338	-176%	3.693	-127%	2.250	-145%	0.889	-214%
Gross Profit Margin	-	-	1.000	1.000	0%	1.000	0%	1.020	-2%	0.986	+1%
Intrinsic Value_10Y_max	-	-	0.872	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intrinsic Value_10Y_min	-	-	0.299	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intrinsic Value_1Y_max	-	-	0.004	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intrinsic Value_1Y_min	-	-	-0.015	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intrinsic Value_3Y_max	-	-	0.076	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intrinsic Value_3Y_min	-	-	-0.005	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intrinsic Value_5Y_max	-	-	0.224	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intrinsic Value_5Y_min	-	-	0.046	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Profit Margin	-	-	-0.425	-0.337	-21%	-0.278	-35%	-0.296	-30%	-0.270	-37%
Operating Margin	-	-	-	-0.084	0%	-0.146	0%	-0.203	0%	-0.321	0%
Operating Ratio	-	-	0.287	0.195	+47%	0.108	+165%	0.451	-36%	0.515	-44%
Pb Ratio	3.064	-28%	3.928	3.860	+2%	7.072	-44%	4.337	-9%	4.396	-11%
Pe Ratio	-13.972	+22%	-17.912	-30.094	+68%	-83.380	+365%	-93.324	+421%	-1915.526	+10594%
Peg Ratio	-	-	-43.098	-70.573	+64%	-19.648	-54%	271929.872	-100%	189640.360	-100%
Price Per Share	0.078	-28%	0.100	0.118	-15%	0.178	-44%	0.108	-7%	0.112	-11%
Price To Total Gains Ratio	-14.509	+22%	-18.601	-21.079	+13%	295.326	-106%	-1070801.403	+5756495%	-690661.763	+3712876%
Profit Growth	-	-	1.208	0.786	+54%	0.541	+123%	0.722	+67%	-3.177	+363%
Quick Ratio	-	-	1.519	1.252	+21%	1.297	+17%	1.169	+30%	0.779	+95%
Return On Assets	-	-	-0.164	-0.142	-14%	-0.094	-43%	-0.067	-59%	-0.049	-70%
Return On Equity	-	-	-0.219	-0.182	-17%	-0.124	-44%	-0.086	-61%	-0.067	-70%
Revenue Growth	-	-	1.092	0.546	+100%	-	+100%	0.910	+20%	0.963	+13%
Total Gains Per Share	-	-	-0.005	-0.003	-38%	0.003	-268%	0.000	-1483%	0.001	-797%
Total Gains Per Share Growth	-	-	0.849	0.424	+100%	-	+100%	5535.741	-100%	1623.228	-100%
Usd Book Value	-	-	3784745.334	4549055.058	-17%	3867690.946	-2%	3757436.170	+1%	3694877.235	+2%
Usd Book Value Change Per Share	-	-	-0.004	-0.002	-38%	0.002	-268%	0.000	-1483%	0.001	-797%
Usd Book Value Per Share	-	-	0.017	0.020	-17%	0.017	-2%	0.017	+1%	0.017	+2%
Usd Dividend Per Share	-	-	-	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%	-	0%
Usd Eps	-	-	-0.004	-0.003	-25%	-0.001	-62%	-0.001	-61%	-0.001	-71%
Usd Free Cash Flow	-	-	-907855.074	-875379.563	-4%	-358140.304	-61%	-246062.711	-73%	-157654.750	-83%
Usd Free Cash Flow Per Share	-	-	-0.004	-0.004	-4%	-0.002	-61%	-0.001	-73%	-0.001	-83%
Usd Free Cash Flow To Equity Per Share	-	-	-0.004	0.000	-91%	0.001	-476%	0.000	-2975%	0.000	-25107%
Usd Price Per Share	0.052	-28%	0.067	0.079	-15%	0.118	-44%	0.072	-7%	0.074	-11%
Usd Profit	-	-	-830061.545	-800590.529	-4%	-474752.259	-43%	-335964.209	-60%	-251047.785	-70%
Usd Revenue	-	-	1952376.074	1246834.295	+57%	575427.950	+239%	712877.398	+174%	656110.166	+198%
Usd Total Gains Per Share	-	-	-0.004	-0.002	-38%	0.002	-268%	0.000	-1483%	0.001	-797%
	EOD	+3 -2	MRQ	TTM	+8 -30	YOY	+9 -29	5Y	+13 -26	10Y	+18 -21

4.2. Fundamental Score

Let's check the fundamental score of 8Common Ltd based on Penke's default stock scanner.

Penke's Stock Scanner

Indicator	Condition		Value
Price to Earnings Ratio (EOD)	Between	0-15	-13.972
Price to Book Ratio (EOD)	Between	0-1	3.064
Net Profit Margin (MRQ)	Greater than	0	-0.425
Operating Margin (MRQ)	Greater than	0	0.000
Quick Ratio (MRQ)	Greater than	1	1.519
Current Ratio (MRQ)	Greater than	1	1.634
Debt to Asset Ratio (MRQ)	Less than	1	0.251
Debt to Equity Ratio (MRQ)	Less than	1	0.335
Return on Equity (MRQ)	Greater than	0.15	-0.219
Return on Assets (MRQ)	Greater than	0.05	-0.164
Total			4/10 (40.0%)

Create your own Stock Scanner

Investing is personal. The best investors buy stocks based on their own analysis. Create your personal Stock Scanner with the key performance indicators that are important to you.
Create your own Stock Scanner

4.3. Technical Score

Let's check the technical score of 8Common Ltd based on Penke's default Symbol scanner.

Penke's Symbol Scanner

Indicator	Condition		Value
Open	Greater than	Close	0.078
Total			0/1 (0.0%)

Create your own Symbol Scanner

Trading is personal. The best traders buy and sell based on their own technical analysis. Create your personal Symbol Scanner with the technical indicators that are important to you.
Create your own Symbol Scanner

Latest Balance Sheet

Balance Sheet of 2022-12-31. Currency in AUD. All numbers in thousands.

Summary

Total Assets	7,595
Total Liabilities	1,906
Total Stockholder Equity	5,689

	As reported
Total Liabilities	1,906
Total Stockholder Equity	+ 5,689
Total Assets	= 7,595

Assets

Total Assets	7,595
Total Current Assets	2,933
Long-term Assets	2,933

Total Current Assets

Total Current Assets (as reported)	2,933
Net Receivables	839
Other Current Assets	205
Total Current Assets (calculated)	1,044
+/-	1,888

Long-term Assets

Long-term Assets (as reported)	0
Property Plant Equipment	57
Goodwill	1,225
Intangible Assets	2,165
Long-term Assets (calculated)	3,448
+/-	3,448

Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity

Total Current Liabilities	1,795
Long-term Liabilities	-
Total Stockholder Equity	5,689

Total Current Liabilities

Total Current Liabilities (as reported)	1,795
Total Current Liabilities (calculated)	0
+/-	1,795

Long-term Liabilities

Long-term Liabilities (as reported)	0
Long-term Liabilities (calculated)	0
+/-	0

Total Stockholder Equity

Total Stockholder Equity (as reported)	5,689
Common Stock	16,831
Retained Earnings	-9,270
Total Stockholder Equity (calculated)	7,561
+/-	1,873

Other

Cash And Equivalents	1,888
Cash and Short Term Investments	1,888
Common Stock Shares Outstanding	222,796
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity	7,595

Balance Sheet

Currency in AUD. All numbers in thousands.

Trend

2022-12-31

2022-06-30

2022-03-31

2021-12-31

2021-09-30

2021-06-30

2021-03-31

2020-12-31

2020-09-30

2020-06-30

2020-03-31

2019-12-31

2019-09-30

2019-06-30

2019-03-31

2018-12-31

2018-09-30

2018-06-30

2018-03-31

2017-12-31

2017-09-30

2017-06-30

2017-03-31

2016-12-31

2016-09-30

2016-06-30

2016-03-31

2015-12-31

2015-09-30

2015-06-30

2015-03-31

2014-12-31

2014-09-30

2014-06-30

2014-03-31

2013-12-31

> Total Assets

0
0
6,866
7,742
7,742
9,727
9,727
8,418
8,418
7,992
7,992
8,114
8,114
7,977
7,977
7,508
7,508
7,432
7,432
6,655
6,655
7,549
7,549
6,006
6,006
0
5,424
0
6,517
0
6,967
0
9,816
0
8,730
7,595

7,595

8,730

9,816

6,967

6,517

5,424

6,006

7,549

6,655

7,432

7,508

7,977

8,114

7,992

8,418

9,727

7,742

6,866

> Total Current Assets

0
0
0
0
0
0
1,540
0
0
0
4,017
4,122
4,122
4,514
4,514
4,245
4,245
4,107
4,107
819
819
1,400
1,400
1,702
1,702
2,183
2,183
4,373
4,373
3,471
3,471
5,431
5,431
3,651
3,651
2,933

2,933

3,651

5,431

3,471

4,373

2,183

1,702

1,400

819

4,107

4,245

4,514

4,122

4,017

1,540

Cash And Cash Equivalents

0
0
0
0
0
0
565
0
0
0
332
260
260
383
383
256
256
534
534
329
329
1,033
1,033
925
925
0
1,842
0
4,049
0
3,223
0
4,900
0
3,253
0

3,253

4,900

3,223

4,049

1,842

925

1,033

329

534

256

383

260

332

565

Net Receivables

0
0
625
423
423
890
890
400
400
350
350
222
222
265
265
301
301
3,517
337
454
454
336
336
687
687
244
244
229
229
140
140
412
412
325
325
839

839

325

412

140

229

244

687

336

454

337

3,517

301

265

222

350

400

890

423

625

Other Current Assets

0
0
242
118
118
84
84
36
36
3,335
3,335
3,640
3,640
3,866
3,866
3,689
3,689
12
3,236
36
36
1
30
91
91
0
96
95
95
108
108
0
119
0
73
205

205

119

108

3,236

3,689

3,866

3,640

3,335

118

242

> Long-term Assets

0
0
0
0
0
0
8,188
0
0
0
3,975
0
0
0
3,463
0
0
0
3,325
0
0
0
6,149
0
0
0
3,241
0
0
0
3,496
0
0
0
5,078
0

5,078

3,496

3,241

6,149

3,325

3,463

3,975

8,188

Property Plant Equipment

0
0
27
29
29
33
33
31
31
28
28
43
43
35
35
28
28
38
38
11
11
11
11
17
17
13
13
21
21
24
24
18
18
14
14
57

Goodwill

0
0
3,777
3,777
3,777
5,433
5,433
4,997
4,997
1,765
1,765
1,765
1,765
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
1,225
0
1,225
0
0
0
1,225
0
1,225
0
1,225
1,225

1,225

1,765

4,997

5,433

3,777

Long Term Investments

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,083
3,083
3,561
3,561
2,240
2,240
0
1,319
0
0
0
985
0
0
0
1,264
0

1,264

985

1,319

2,240

3,561

3,083

Intangible Assets

0
0
5,582
5,614
5,614
7,977
2,544
7,527
7,527
3,744
1,979
3,746
3,746
3,204
1,979
3,011
3,011
1,492
1,492
947
2,173
826
826
683
1,908
0
541
0
1,692
0
1,064
0
1,896
0
2,576
2,165

2,165

2,576

1,896

1,064

1,692

541

1,908

683

826

2,173

947

1,492

3,011

1,979

3,204

3,746

1,979

3,744

7,527

2,544

7,977

5,614

5,582

Other Assets

0
0
5,617
5,699
5,699
8,155
8,155
7,689
7,689
3,947
3,947
3,949
3,949
3,428
3,428
3,236
224
570
570
570
570
527
527
139
139
144
144
182
182
197
197
222
222
0
0
0

222

197

182

144

139

527

570

224

3,236

3,428

3,949

3,947

7,689

8,155

5,699

5,617

> Total Liabilities

0
0
3,471
1,674
1,674
3,162
3,162
2,826
2,826
2,072
2,072
3,180
3,180
3,310
3,310
3,073
3,470
1,392
1,392
1,076
1,076
1,505
1,505
1,177
1,177
0
1,097
0
1,445
0
1,843
0
1,883
0
1,839
1,906

1,906

1,839

1,883

1,843

1,445

1,097

1,177

1,505

1,076

1,392

3,470

3,073

3,310

3,180

2,072

2,826

3,162

1,674

3,471

> Total Current Liabilities

0
0
3,014
1,342
1,342
1,925
1,925
2,788
2,788
2,027
2,027
1,603
1,603
3,264
3,264
3,019
3,019
1,343
1,343
1,003
1,003
1,444
1,444
1,100
1,100
1,047
1,047
1,378
1,378
1,747
1,747
1,798
1,798
1,746
1,746
1,795

1,795

1,746

1,798

1,747

1,378

1,047

1,100

1,444

1,003

1,343

3,019

3,264

1,603

2,027

2,788

1,925

1,342

3,014

Short-term Debt

0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
1,243
1,668
1,668
1,702
1,649
1,511
1,635
116
116
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

116

1,635

1,511

1,649

1,702

1,668

1,243

Short Long Term Debt

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,668
1,668
1,702
1,702
1,511
1,511
116
116
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

116

1,511

1,702

1,668

Accounts payable

0
0
504
866
866
147
147
898
898
104
104
1,264
1,264
97
97
660
660
84
84
758
758
352
352
753
753
38
38
778
778
450
450
1,148
1,148
349
349
0

349

1,148

450

778

753

352

758

660

1,264

104

898

147

866

504

Other Current Liabilities

0
0
560
477
477
1,719
1,769
664
664
631
680
182
182
1,465
1,476
724
724
811
1,188
187
187
823
721
238
238
718
1,009
417
417
956
1,298
406
406
992
1,397
0

1,397

992

406

1,298

956

417

1,009

718

238

721

823

187

1,188

811

724

1,476

1,465

182

680

631

664

1,769

1,719

477

560

> Long-term Liabilities

0
0
0
0
0
0
1,236
0
0
0
45
0
0
0
45
0
0
0
48
0
0
0
61
0
0
0
51
0
0
0
95
0
0
0
93
0

1,236

Other Liabilities

0
0
457
332
332
336
336
37
37
45
45
65
65
45
45
54
54
48
48
73
73
61
61
76
76
51
51
67
67
95
95
85
85
93
93
0

336

332

457

> Total Stockholder Equity

0
0
3,396
6,068
6,068
6,566
6,566
5,592
5,592
5,920
5,920
4,934
4,934
4,667
4,667
4,038
4,038
6,040
6,040
5,579
5,579
6,044
6,044
4,830
4,830
0
4,327
0
5,072
0
5,124
0
7,934
0
6,890
5,689

5,689

6,890

7,934

5,124

5,072

4,327

4,830

6,044

5,579

6,040

4,038

4,667

4,934

5,920

5,592

6,566

6,068

3,396

Common Stock

0
0
3,220
6,118
6,118
6,318
6,318
6,318
6,318
7,038
7,038
7,038
7,038
7,038
7,038
7,038
7,038
9,342
9,342
9,678
9,678
9,959
9,959
10,053
10,053
10,979
10,979
13,134
13,134
13,148
13,148
16,702
16,702
16,778
16,778
16,831

16,831

16,778

16,702

13,148

13,134

10,979

10,053

9,959

9,678

9,342

7,038

6,318

6,118

3,220

Retained Earnings Total Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

0
0
0
0
0
0
131
0
0
0
117
0
0
0
185
0
0
0
-164
0
0
0
742
0
0
0
-1,233
0
0
0
-1,275
0
0
0
-683
0

-683

-1,275

-1,233

742

-164

185

117

131

Capital Surplus

Treasury Stock

Other Stockholders Equity

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
89
89
185
185
187
187
483
164
0
0
742
742
-447
-447
-1,233
-1,233
-2,290
-2,290
-1,275
-1,275
-1,138
-1,138
-683
-683
0

-683

-1,138

-1,275

-2,290

-1,233

-447

742

164

483

187

185

Balance Sheet

Currency in AUD. All numbers in thousands.

	2022-06-30	2021-06-30	2020-06-30	2019-06-30	2018-06-30	2017-06-30	2016-06-30	2015-06-30	2014-06-30
Accounts Payable	349	450	38	352	84	97	104	147	504
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	-683	-1,275	-1,233	742	483	185	117	131	27
Capital Stock	16,778	13,148	10,979	9,959	-	-	-	-	-
Cash	3,253	3,223	1,842	1,033	534	383	332	565	1,506
Cash And Equivalents	3,253	3,223	1,842	1,033	534	383	-	-	-
Cash And Short Term Investments	3,253	3,223	1,842	1,033	534	383	332	565	1,506
Common Stock	16,778	13,148	10,979	9,959	9,342	7,038	7,038	6,318	6,338
Common Stock Shares Outstanding	219,197	194,636	167,050	142,788	84,957	63,277	59,961	56,880	15,985
Common Stock Total Equity	-	-	10,979	9,959	9,342	7,038	7,038	6,318	6,338
Current Deferred Revenue	-	-	-	371	71	-	-	-	-
Good Will	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,765	5,433	3,777
Intangible Assets	2,576	1,064	541	947	1,492	1,979	1,979	2,544	5,997
Liabilities And Stockholders Equity	8,730	6,967	5,424	7,549	7,432	7,977	7,992	9,727	8,017
Long Term Debt	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	900	-
Long Term Debt Total	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	-	-
Long Term Investments	1,264	985	1,319	3,561	-	-	-	-	-
Net Debt	-3,253	-3,223	-1,842	-1,033	-534	1,266	911	344	-346
Net Invested Capital	6,890	5,124	4,327	6,044	6,040	6,316	-	-	-
Net Receivables	325	140	244	336	337	265	350	890	286
Net Tangible Assets	3,089	2,835	2,561	3,993	3,324	1,463	2,176	-1,411	-2,186
Net Working Capital	1,905	1,724	1,136	-44	2,764	1,249	-	-	-
Non Current Assets Total	5,078	3,496	3,241	6,149	3,325	3,463	3,975	8,188	6,211
Non Current Liabilities Total	93	95	51	61	48	45	45	1,236	629
Non Currrent Assets Other	-	-	-	208	388	3,463	3,975	178	-
Other Assets	0	197	144	527	570	224	203	178	35
Other Current Assets	73	108	96	16	3,236	3,866	3,335	84	14
Other Current Liab	1,397	1,298	1,009	721	1,188	1,476	680	1,769	163
Other Liab	93	95	51	61	48	45	45	336	457
Other Stockholder Equity	-683	-1,275	-1,233	-117	-483	185	117	131	47
Property Plant And Equipment Gross	-	-	13	11	38	35	28	33	24
Property Plant And Equipment Net	14	24	13	11	38	35	28	33	24
Property Plant Equipment	14	24	13	11	38	35	28	33	27
Retained Earnings	-9,205	-6,749	-5,419	-4,540	-3,301	-2,556	-1,236	117	-53
Short Long Term Debt	-	-	-	-	116	1,649	1,243	9	1,949
Short Long Term Debt Total	-	-	-	-	-	1,649	1,243	909	1,160
Short Term Debt	0	0	0	0	116	1,649	1,243	9	558
Total Assets	8,730	6,967	5,424	7,549	7,432	7,977	7,992	9,727	8,017
Total Current Assets	3,651	3,471	2,183	1,400	4,107	4,514	4,017	1,540	1,806
Total Current Liabilities	1,746	1,747	1,047	1,444	1,343	3,264	2,027	1,925	1,075
Total Liab	1,839	1,843	1,097	1,505	1,392	3,310	2,072	3,162	1,705
Total Stockholder Equity	6,890	5,124	4,327	6,044	6,040	4,667	5,920	6,566	6,312

	2022-12-31	2022-06-30	2022-03-31	2021-12-31	2021-09-30	2021-06-30	2021-03-31	2020-12-31	2020-09-30	2020-06-30	2020-03-31	2019-12-31	2019-09-30	2019-06-30	2019-03-31	2018-12-31	2018-09-30	2018-06-30	2018-03-31	2017-12-31	2017-09-30	2017-06-30	2017-03-31	2016-12-31	2016-09-30	2016-06-30	2016-03-31	2015-12-31	2015-09-30	2015-06-30	2015-03-31	2014-12-31	2014-09-30	2014-06-30	2014-03-31	2013-12-31
Accounts Payable	-	349	349	1,148	1,148	450	450	778	778	38	38	753	753	352	352	758	758	84	84	660	660	97	97	1,264	1,264	104	104	898	898	147	147	866	866	504	-	-
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	-	-683	-	-	-	-1,275	-	-	-	-1,233	-	-	-	742	-	-	-	-164	-	-	-	185	-	-	-	117	-	-	-	131	-	-	-	-	-	-
Capital Stock	-	16,778	-	-	-	13,148	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cash	-	3,253	-	4,900	-	3,223	-	4,049	-	1,842	-	925	925	1,033	1,033	329	329	534	534	256	256	383	383	260	260	332	-	-	-	565	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cash And Equivalents	1,888	3,253	-	4,900	-	3,223	-	4,049	-	1,842	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cash And Short Term Investments	1,888	3,253	-	4,900	-	3,223	-	4,049	-	1,842	-	925	-	1,033	-	329	-	534	-	256	-	383	-	-	-	332	-	-	-	565	-	-	-	-	-	-
Common Stock	16,831	16,778	16,778	16,702	16,702	13,148	13,148	13,134	13,134	10,979	10,979	10,053	10,053	9,959	9,959	9,678	9,678	9,342	9,342	7,038	7,038	7,038	7,038	7,038	7,038	7,038	7,038	6,318	6,318	6,318	6,318	6,118	6,118	3,220	-	-
Common Stock Shares Outstanding	222,796	222,255	-	221,560	-	200,510	-	200,410	142,788	142,788	142,788	142,788	-	142,788	142,788	142,788	-	84,957	84,957	84,957	11,718	63,277	63,277	63,277	47,909	59,961	59,961	59,961	56,880	56,880	56,880	56,880	15,985	15,985	15,985	15,985
Common Stock Total Equity	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	10,979	-	-	-	9,959	-	-	-	9,342	-	-	-	7,038	-	-	-	7,038	-	-	-	6,318	-	-	-	-	-	-
Current Deferred Revenue	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	371	-	-	-	71	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Good Will	1,225	1,225	-	1,225	-	1,225	-	-	-	1,225	-	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,225	1,765	1,765	1,765	1,765	4,997	4,997	5,433	5,433	3,777	3,777	3,777	-	-
Intangible Assets	2,165	2,576	-	1,896	-	1,064	-	1,692	-	541	-	1,908	683	826	826	2,173	947	1,492	1,492	3,011	3,011	1,979	3,204	3,746	3,746	1,979	3,744	7,527	7,527	2,544	7,977	5,614	5,614	5,582	-	-
Liabilities And Stockholders Equity	7,595	8,730	-	9,816	-	6,967	-	6,517	-	5,424	-	-	-	7,549	-	-	-	7,432	-	-	-	7,977	-	-	-	7,992	-	-	-	9,727	-	-	-	-	-	-
Long Term Debt	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,512	1,512	-	-	-	-	900	900	-	-	-	-	-
Long Term Debt Total	0	0	-	0	-	0	-	0	-	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Long Term Investments	-	1,264	-	-	-	985	-	-	-	1,319	-	2,240	2,240	3,561	3,561	3,083	3,083	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Debt	-	-3,253	-	-	-	-3,223	-	-	-	-1,842	-	-	-	-1,033	-	-	-	-534	-	-	-	1,266	-	-	-	911	-	-	-	344	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Invested Capital	-	6,890	-	-	-	5,124	-	-	-	4,327	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Receivables	839	325	325	412	412	140	140	229	229	244	244	687	687	336	336	454	454	337	3,517	301	301	265	265	222	222	350	350	400	400	890	890	423	423	625	-	-
Net Tangible Assets	-	3,089	3,089	4,813	4,813	2,835	2,835	3,380	3,380	2,561	2,561	2,921	2,921	3,993	3,993	3,406	3,406	3,324	3,324	1,026	1,026	1,463	1,463	1,188	1,188	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Working Capital	-	1,905	-	-	-	1,724	-	-	-	1,136	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Non Current Assets Total	-	5,078	-	-	-	3,496	-	-	-	3,241	-	-	-	6,149	-	-	-	3,325	-	-	-	3,463	-	-	-	3,975	-	-	-	8,188	-	-	-	-	-	-
Non Current Liabilities Total	-	93	-	-	-	95	-	-	-	51	-	-	-	61	-	-	-	48	-	-	-	45	-	-	-	45	-	-	-	1,236	-	-	-	-	-	-
Non Currrent Assets Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	388	-	-	-	388	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	178	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other Assets	-	0	-	222	222	197	197	182	182	144	144	139	139	527	527	570	570	570	570	224	3,236	3,428	3,428	3,949	3,949	3,947	3,947	7,689	7,689	8,155	8,155	5,699	5,699	5,617	-	-
Other Current Assets	205	73	-	119	-	108	108	95	95	96	-	91	91	30	1	36	36	3,236	12	3,689	3,689	3,866	3,866	3,640	3,640	3,335	3,335	36	36	84	84	118	118	242	-	-
Other Current Liab	-	1,397	992	406	406	1,298	956	417	417	1,009	718	238	238	721	823	187	187	1,188	811	724	724	1,476	1,465	182	182	680	631	664	664	1,769	1,719	477	477	560	-	-
Other Liab	-	93	93	85	85	95	95	67	67	51	51	76	76	61	61	73	73	48	48	54	54	45	45	65	65	45	45	37	37	336	336	332	332	457	-	-
Other Stockholder Equity	-	-683	-683	-1,138	-1,138	-1,275	-1,275	-2,290	-2,290	-1,233	-1,233	-447	-447	742	742	-	-	164	483	187	187	185	185	89	89	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Property Plant And Equipment Gross	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13	-	-	-	11	-	-	-	38	-	-	-	35	-	-	-	28	-	-	-	33	-	-	-	-	-	-
Property Plant And Equipment Net	-	14	-	-	-	24	-	-	-	13	-	-	-	11	-	-	-	38	-	-	-	35	-	-	-	28	-	-	-	33	-	-	-	-	-	-
Property Plant Equipment	57	14	14	18	18	24	24	21	21	13	13	17	17	11	11	11	11	38	38	28	28	35	35	43	43	28	28	31	31	33	33	29	29	27	-	-
Retained Earnings	-9,270	-9,205	-9,205	-7,630	-7,630	-6,749	-6,749	-5,772	-5,772	-5,419	-5,419	-4,777	-4,777	-4,658	-4,658	-4,099	-4,099	-3,301	-3,301	-3,188	-3,188	-2,556	-2,556	-2,194	-2,194	-1,236	-	-	-	117	117	-	-	128	-	-
Short Long Term Debt	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	116	116	1,511	1,511	1,702	1,702	1,668	1,668	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Short Long Term Debt Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,649	-	-	-	1,243	-	-	-	909	-	-	-	-	-	-
Short Term Debt	0	0	-	0	-	0	-	0	-	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	116	116	1,635	1,511	1,649	1,702	1,668	1,668	1,243	-	-	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total Assets	7,595	8,730	-	9,816	-	6,967	-	6,517	-	5,424	-	6,006	6,006	7,549	7,549	6,655	6,655	7,432	7,432	7,508	7,508	7,977	7,977	8,114	8,114	7,992	7,992	8,418	8,418	9,727	9,727	7,742	7,742	6,866	-	-
Total Current Assets	2,933	3,651	3,651	5,431	5,431	3,471	3,471	4,373	4,373	2,183	2,183	1,702	1,702	1,400	1,400	819	819	4,107	4,107	4,245	4,245	4,514	4,514	4,122	4,122	4,017	-	-	-	1,540	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total Current Liabilities	1,795	1,746	1,746	1,798	1,798	1,747	1,747	1,378	1,378	1,047	1,047	1,100	1,100	1,444	1,444	1,003	1,003	1,343	1,343	3,019	3,019	3,264	3,264	1,603	1,603	2,027	2,027	2,788	2,788	1,925	1,925	1,342	1,342	3,014	-	-
Total Liab	1,906	1,839	-	1,883	-	1,843	-	1,445	-	1,097	-	1,177	1,177	1,505	1,505	1,076	1,076	1,392	1,392	3,470	3,073	3,310	3,310	3,180	3,180	2,072	2,072	2,826	2,826	3,162	3,162	1,674	1,674	3,471	-	-
Total Stockholder Equity	5,689	6,890	-	7,934	-	5,124	-	5,072	-	4,327	-	4,830	4,830	6,044	6,044	5,579	5,579	6,040	6,040	4,038	4,038	4,667	4,667	4,934	4,934	5,920	5,920	5,592	5,592	6,566	6,566	6,068	6,068	3,396	-	-

Cash Flow

Currency in AUD. All numbers in thousands.

	2022-06-30	2021-06-30	2020-06-30	2019-06-30	2018-06-30	2017-06-30	2016-06-30	2015-06-30	2014-06-30
Begin Period Cash Flow	3,223	1,842	1,033	534	383	332	565	356	-
Capital Expenditures	1,900	623	10	10	10	11	17	11	11
Change In Cash	30	1,381	809	500	151	51	-234	209	1,068
Change In Working Capital	1	51	346	227	57	1	7	-	-
Change To Account Receivables	-186	105	91	2	-72	167	182	-266	-1,156
Change To Liabilities	66	413	-477	-47	-201	98	-289	-47	1,524
Change To Netincome	322	303	697	264	57	686	-6	-21	242
Change To Operating Activities	64	64	-2	74	-38	-121	-36	174	-689
Depreciation	10	296	293	693	639	474	586	483	206
End Period Cash Flow	3,253	3,223	1,842	1,033	534	383	332	565	356
Free Cash Flow	-1,900	-623	-10	-130	-514	14	-997	301	-
Investments	-1,900	-623	-10	30	30	30	-289	-	-
Issuance Of Capital Stock	3,590	2,158	1,020	600	-	-	-	-	-
Net Borrowings	-	-	-	-	-1,237	79	300	-900	5,400
Net Income	-2,501	-1,336	-804	-1,356	-983	-1,321	-1,353	-11	384
Other Cashflows From Financing Activities	-1,900	-623	-10	30	0	425	300	900	-575
Other Cashflows From Investing Activities	-	-	-10	30	211	234	-272	-2,125	120
Other Non Cash Items	-	1,039	511	663	344	846	766	-473	-
Sale Purchase Of Stock	3,590	2,158	1,020	600	-115	0	721	-575	3,500
Total Cash From Financing Activities	3,590	2,158	1,020	600	470	79	1,021	2,025	5,400
Total Cash From Operating Activities	-1,660	-154	-201	-130	-504	14	-979	313	718
Total Cashflows From Investing Activities	-1,900	-623	-10	30	201	-48	-289	-2,137	-4,975

	2022-12-31	2022-06-30	2022-03-31	2021-12-31	2021-09-30	2021-06-30	2021-03-31	2020-12-31	2020-09-30	2020-06-30	2020-03-31	2019-12-31	2019-09-30	2019-06-30	2019-03-31	2018-12-31	2018-09-30	2018-06-30	2018-03-31	2017-12-31	2017-09-30	2017-06-30	2017-03-31	2016-12-31	2016-09-30	2016-06-30	2016-03-31	2015-12-31	2015-09-30	2015-06-30	2015-03-31	2014-12-31	2014-09-30	2014-06-30
Begin Period Cash Flow	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	461	258	258	258	258	258	133	133	133	133	96	96	96	96	83	83	83	83	141	141	141	89	89	89	89	-	-
Capital Expenditures	496	1,900	0	936	0	3	3	7	3	3	3	3	5	5	5	0	0	3	3	3	0	11	11	11	6	4	4	4	3	3	3	3	0	0
Change In Cash	-1,365	-823	-823	838	838	-413	-413	1,103	202	202	202	202	-54	125	125	125	-102	38	38	38	-63	13	13	13	-36	-58	-58	-58	52	52	52	52	-	-
Change In Working Capital	6	1	-	0	-	51	-	1	-	346	-	280	-	227	-	225	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Change To Account Receivables	-	-93	-93	-93	-93	52	52	52	52	46	46	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	168	84	84	84	182	91	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Change To Liabilities	-	33	33	0	0	207	207	0	0	-238	-238	0	0	-23	-23	0	0	0	0	0	0	49	49	0	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Change To Netincome	-	275	275	-114	-114	6	6	145	145	458	458	-110	-110	180	180	-48	-48	-48	-48	-184	-184	66	66	277	277	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Change To Operating Activities	-	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	-1	-1	-1	-1	37	37	37	37	-	-	-	-	-60	-60	-60	-60	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Depreciation	-	2	2	3	3	3	3	2	73	73	73	73	2	173	173	173	95	160	160	160	156	119	119	119	91	147	147	147	121	121	121	121	-	-
End Period Cash Flow	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	461	461	461	461	258	258	258	258	133	133	133	133	96	96	96	96	83	83	83	83	141	141	141	141	89	-
Free Cash Flow	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-53	-53	-53	-53	-	-33	-33	-33	-	-128	-128	-128	-	4	4	4	-	-249	-249	-249	75	75	75	75	-	-
Investments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-34	-34	49	49	49	49	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Borrowings	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-21	-21	-41	-41	80	80	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Income	-	-787	-787	-463	-463	-488	-488	-179	-201	-201	-201	-201	-60	-339	-339	-339	-399	-246	-246	-246	-117	-330	-330	-330	-479	-338	-338	-338	-3	-3	-3	-3	-	-
Other Cashflows From Financing Activities	0	97	97	-97	-97	62	62	-62	-305	-305	-305	-305	-	-183	-183	-183	300	-243	-243	-243	-	90	90	90	-	-425	-425	-425	-203	-203	-203	-203	-	-
Other Cashflows From Investing Activities	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-5	-5	-5	-5	30	27	45	-27	211	-27	211	-	-	-	-	-	60	60	60	30	120	60	-	-	-
Other Non Cash Items	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	128	128	128	128	-	166	166	166	-	86	86	86	-	212	212	212	-	192	192	192	-118	-118	-118	-118	-	-
Sale Purchase Of Stock	0	3,590	-	3,785	-	2,158	-	2,267	-	1,020	-	94	-	600	-	334	-	-29	-29	-29	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-144	-144	-144	-144	-	-
Total Cash From Financing Activities	0	3,590	-	1,795	1,795	7	7	1,072	-50	-50	-50	-50	47	-33	-33	-33	167	-126	-126	-126	-21	4	4	4	80	-245	-245	-245	78	78	78	78	549	5,400
Total Cash From Operating Activities	-869	-342	-342	-489	-489	-116	-116	39	39	-5	-5	-96	-96	-131	226	-583	-292	-504	-292	-290	-145	15	118	-111	-111	-	-	-	-	313	189	65	32	718
Total Cashflows From Investing Activities	-496	-482	-482	-468	-468	-304	-304	-7	-7	-7	-7	-5	-5	30	-7	45	23	201	23	211	105	-18	-18	-6	-6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Income Statement

Currency in AUD. All numbers in thousands.

	2022-06-30	2021-06-30	2020-06-30	2019-06-30	2018-06-30	2017-06-30	2016-06-30	2015-06-30	2014-06-30
Cost Of Revenue	1,190	731	561	1,038	467	747	791	473	1,482
Depreciation And Amortization	575	296	293	314	639	474	586	483	-
Discontinued Operations	-	-	-	-	308	227	227	227	-
Ebit	-2,301	-1,530	-386	-968	-740	-1,054	-1,291	-3,298	944
Ebitda	-1,727	-1,234	-93	-654	-101	-580	-705	-2,815	-
Extraordinary Items	-	-	-	0	308	227	-	-	-
Gross Profit	3,304	2,691	3,118	2,436	2,169	2,886	2,883	-473	1,961
Income Before Tax	-2,304	-1,389	-774	-1,225	-1,154	-1,239	-1,384	19	638
Income Tax Expense	197	-54	30	14	137	82	-32	29	255
Interest Expense	2	141	0	21	107	0	0	0	0
Interest Income	1	1	1	21	107	185	93	26	-
Net Income	-2,501	-1,336	-804	-1,239	-983	-1,321	-1,353	-11	384
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	-2,501	-1,336	-804	-1,356	-983	-1,321	-1,353	-11	384
Net Income From Continuing Ops	-2,501	-1,336	-804	-1,356	-1,290	-1,321	-1,353	-11	384
Net Interest Income	-2	1	0	-20	-105	-184	-86	-	-
Operating Income	-2,301	-1,530	-386	-968	-1,050	-937	-1,298	-3,298	944
Other Operating Expenses	6,872	4,952	4,554	4,669	3,686	335	218	223	10
Reconciled Depreciation	575	296	293	693	639	474	-	-	-
Research Development	-	-	-	-	263	110	-	-	-
Selling And Marketing Expenses	63	81	69	8	7	75	-	-	-
Selling General Administrative	4,271	3,262	2,980	2,911	2,269	2,855	3,377	2,119	800
Tax Provision	197	-54	30	-18	137	14	-32	29	-
Total Operating Expenses	5,682	4,221	3,993	3,631	3,219	3,823	4,181	2,825	2,498
Total Other Income Expense Net	-2	141	-388	-257	-104	302	86	-3,316	-306
Total Revenue	4,494	3,422	3,680	3,474	2,636	3,633	3,674	3,440	3,443

	2022-12-31	2022-06-30	2022-03-31	2021-12-31	2021-09-30	2021-06-30	2021-03-31	2020-12-31	2020-09-30	2020-06-30	2020-03-31	2019-12-31	2019-09-30	2019-06-30	2019-03-31	2018-12-31	2018-09-30	2018-06-30	2018-03-31	2017-12-31	2017-09-30	2017-06-30	2017-03-31	2016-12-31	2016-09-30	2016-06-30	2016-03-31	2015-12-31	2015-09-30	2015-06-30	2015-03-31	2014-12-31	2014-09-30
Cost Of Revenue	841	804	-	386	-	360	-	371	140	140	140	140	773	266	266	266	834	117	117	117	792	187	187	187	1,046	198	198	198	118	118	118	118	496
Depreciation And Amortization	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	73	73	73	73	-	173	173	173	-	160	160	160	-	119	119	119	-	147	147	147	121	121	121	121	-
Ebit	-	-676	-676	-475	-475	-524	-524	-199	-194	-194	-194	-194	-42	-338	-338	-338	-262	-185	-185	-185	-141	-263	-263	-263	-450	-323	-323	-323	-824	-824	-824	-824	-
Ebitda	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-120	-120	-120	-120	-	-165	-165	-165	-	-25	-25	-25	-	-145	-145	-145	-	-176	-176	-176	-704	-704	-704	-704	-
Extraordinary Items	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	308	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Gross Profit	2,093	1,884	-	1,497	-	1,217	-	1,560	780	780	780	780	113	602	602	602	22	542	542	542	133	722	722	722	-185	721	721	721	-118	-118	-118	-118	121
Income Before Tax	-1,248	-1,353	-	-951	-	-992	-	-397	-194	-194	-194	-194	-42	-344	-344	-344	-399	-288	-288	-288	-121	-310	-310	-310	-479	-346	-346	-346	5	5	5	5	-
Income Tax Expense	-	111	111	-12	-12	-8	-8	-19	7	7	7	7	17	-5	-5	-5	0	34	34	34	-4	20	20	20	0	-8	-8	-8	7	7	7	7	4
Interest Expense	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	-	5	5	5	10	27	27	27	42	46	46	46	29	23	23	23	7	7	7	7	9
Interest Income	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	14	-	6	-	107	-	83	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Minority Interest	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Income	-1,248	-1,575	-	-926	-	-977	-	-359	-201	-201	-201	-201	-60	-339	-339	-339	-399	-246	-246	-246	-117	-330	-330	-330	-479	-338	-338	-338	-3	-3	-3	-3	-
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	-1,248	-787	-787	-463	-463	-488	-488	-179	-179	-342	-342	-60	-60	-558	-279	-798	-399	-979	-399	-234	-117	-181	-181	-479	-479	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Net Income From Continuing Ops	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-60	-60	-279	-279	-399	-399	-399	-399	-117	-117	-181	-181	-479	-479	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Operating Income	-1,248	-1,351	-	-951	-	-992	-	-397	-219	-219	-219	-219	-42	-395	-395	-395	-262	-262	-262	-262	-141	-234	-234	-234	-450	-324	-324	-324	-824	-824	-824	-824	-
Other Operating Expenses	-	75	75	75	75	20	20	20	303	303	303	303	49	152	152	93	93	93	93	56	56	208	208	89	89	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Reconciled Depreciation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	73	73	73	73	-	173	173	173	-	160	160	160	-	119	119	119	-	147	147	147	121	121	121	121	-
Selling And Marketing Expenses	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	17	17	17	17	-	2	2	2	-	2	2	2	-	19	19	19	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Selling General Administrative	2,770	2,986	-	2,121	-	2,155	-	1,770	745	745	745	745	65	728	728	728	36	567	567	567	62	714	714	714	85	844	844	844	530	530	530	530	66
Tax Provision	0	222	-	-24	-	-15	-	-38	-	-5	-	35	-	-18	-	-	-	137	-	-8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total Operating Expenses	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	163	163	163	163	928	94	94	94	1,119	76	76	76	1,066	104	104	104	1,311	54	54	54	56	56	56	56	-
Total Other Income Expense Net	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	25	25	25	25	140	-51	-51	-51	-137	26	26	26	20	76	76	76	-29	22	22	22	-829	-829	-829	-829	-
Total Revenue	2,935	2,688	-	1,883	-	1,576	-	1,931	920	920	920	920	886	869	869	869	856	659	659	659	926	908	908	908	861	919	919	919	820	1,103	1,103	617	617

Latest Income Statement (annual, 2022-06-30)

Gross Profit (+$)
totalRevenue	4,494
Cost of Revenue	-1,190
Gross Profit	3,304	3,304

Operating Income (+$)
Gross Profit	3,304
Operating Expense	-5,682
Operating Income	-2,301	-2,378

Operating Expense (+$)
Research Development	-
Selling General Administrative	4,271
Selling And Marketing Expenses	63
Operating Expense	5,682	4,333

Net Interest Income (+$)
Interest Income	1
Interest Expense	-2
Other Finance Cost	-0
Net Interest Income	-2

Pretax Income (+$)
Operating Income	-2,301
Net Interest Income	-2
Other Non-Operating Income Expenses	-
Income Before Tax (EBT)	-2,304	-2,299 EBIT - interestExpense = -2,304 -2,304 -2,499
Interest Expense	2
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)	-2,301	-2,301
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBITDA)	-1,727

After tax Income (+$)
Income Before Tax	-2,304
Tax Provision	-197
Net Income From Continuing Ops	-2,501	-2,501
Net Income	-2,501
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	-2,501

Non-recurring Events
Discontinued Operations	-
Extraordinary Items	-
Effect of Accounting Charges	-
Other Items	-
Non Recurring	-
Other Operating Expenses	6,872
Total Other Income/Expenses Net	-2	2

Technicals of 8common

1. Trend Indicators

1.1 Moving Averages

Shows the moving average of the selected period.

Moving averages are lagging trend indicators.
There are many types of moving averages.
Moving averages are also used within other indicators.

Directionalities and relatives.

Moving Average	Amount of candles	Trend	Price +/-	vs. MA 50	vs. MA 100	vs. MA 200

Explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwW8h0lrQ-I

Shows the moving average of the selected period.

There are four types of indicators:

Trend indicators
Momentum indicators
Volatility indicators
Volume indicators

There are various kinds of moving averages:

Simple moving average (SMA);
Exponential moving average (EMA);
Smoothed moving average (SMMA);
Linear weighted moving average (LWMA).

The moving average looks at a certain period of time and it calculates the price average. The various types of averages are using various formulas. Don’t worry, you don’t have to memorize any formula. All moving averages are calculated automatically by basically every charting software you use. But it’s good to know how moving averages are actually calculated.

Simple moving average

SMA is calculated by summing up the price closures of the selected period. The price is then divided by the selected period. For example, when using the 21 day moving average you sum up all the closing prices for each day and divide that by 21. The result is a line on the chart representing the average. Because it’s an average in the selected timeframe, the trend is always lagging. An moving average looks like this on the chart:

Source: Tradingview.com

In this case, the blue line represents a 21 day moving average. Because the average is based on results from the past, the indicator will always lag behind. For example, when price would suddenly go up, the moving average won't immediately follow.

All other moving averages discussed below look the same on the chart. The only difference is that the line will move in different directions based on the maths behind the used indicators and the amount of days used to determine the average.

Exponential moving average

The EMA gives more weight to the latest closing prices by giving them more value in the equation. EMA is calculated by adding a certain percentage to the latest closing prices:

EMA = (CLOSE (i) * P) + (EMA (i - 1) * (1 - P))

Where:

CLOSE (i) = current period close price.
EMA (i - 1) = value of the Moving Average of a preceding period.
P = the percentage of using the price value.

Smoothed moving average

A smoothed moving average is an exponential moving average with a long lookback period. Older prices are reduced in weight but are never left out in the calculation. Unlike SMA and EMA where prices are removed when they are beyond the selected period. SMMA is a combination of the SMA and EMA. The main advantage is that it smooths out fluctuations in price.

Linear weighted moving average

The LWMA gives the latest price the highest weight and then lineary scales down with each price before that. The result is that the LWMA reacts quicker to changes in price than the SMA or EMA. The formula:

LWMA = ((Pn∗W1)+(Pn−1∗W2)+(Pn−2∗W3)...) / ∑W

Where:

P = Price for the period.
n = The most recent period, n-1 is the prior period, and n-2 is two periods prior.
W = The assigned weight to each period, with the highest weight going first and then descending linearly based on the number of periods being used.

Moving averages are widely used by many traders. Which moving average you need depends on your trading strategy. Common practise is using a combination of multiple periods. For example, the EMA21, EMA50, EMA100 and EMA200. How does that look on a chart:

Source: Tradingview.com

The lowest (purple) line on the chart represents the EMA200 then following up the EMA100, EMA50 and EMA21.

You can use moving averages to determine a trend. The 200 moving average is mostly used as a baseline for determining the current trend:

When the 200 moving average is moving up it is considered a bullish trend.
When the 200 moving average is down it is considered a bearish trend.
When moving averages are flatlined, there is no clear trend so you should look for market structure, consolidation or trend reversals. Depending on how you want to trade.

This is not set in stone. Most trading strategies use multiple moving averages each with different settings. While one strategy might use the EMA20, the other uses the SMA21. There can be hundreds of different variations. Moving averages can also be used as support and resistance. More often than not, prices will bounce on moving averages.

1.2 Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD)

Shows the momentum of the selected period based on two moving averages.

MACD is a lagging momentum indicator.
Uses two moving averages.
Can show buy or sell signals based on momentum.
Can show overbought. and oversold. levels.

Let's take a look of the Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD) of 8Common Ltd:

8Common Ltd Daily Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD) Chart

1.3 Directional Movement Index (DMI)

The DMI is a collection of 3 indicators: +DI (Plus Direction Indicator), -DI (Minus Direction Indicator) and ADX (Average Directional Index).

The ADX helps you determine the strength of a trend. Let's take a look of the ADX of 8Common Ltd:

The ADX is .

8Common Ltd Daily Directional Movement Index (DMI) Chart

1.4 Parabolic SAR

Shows the current trend and potential entry and exit signals.

Parabolic SAR (stop and reverse) is a lagging trend indicator.
Shows the current trend.
Shows potential entry signals.
Shows potential exit signals.
Can be used to place trailing stoplosses..

The Parabolic SAR is lower than the price. The current trend is up. +2

2. Momentum Indicators

2.1 Relative Strength Index (RSI)

Measures the speed and change of price movements.

Leading momentum indicator, meaning the signals are instant.
Ranges between 0 and 100.
Above 70 is considered overbought.
Below 30 is considered oversold.
Above or below 50 can also be used to determine price trend or support and resistance.
RSI divergence looks at a deviation between RSI and price movement. Penketrading automatically calculates RSI divergences.
Can be used in many different ways

The RSI is below 50. -1
The RSI is below 30 and oversold. +2

Measures the speed and change of price movements.

There are four types of indicators:

Trend indicators
Momentum indicators
Volatility indicators
Volume indicators

The RSI measures the magnitude of recent price changes to determine if the asset is overbought or oversold.

Overbought (RSI above 70) means that the trading price is above its intrinsic value. This might indicate a sell or short signal.
Oversold (RSI below 30) means that the trading price is below its intrinsic value. This might indicate a buy or long signal.
RSI levels above or below 50 can also be used to determine a trend.
RSI divergence looks at a deviation between RSI and price movement.
Can be used in many different ways.

Original usage

Keep in mind that almost every indicator can be used in different ways. Even beyond the orginal settings. The relative strength index was developed by J. Welles Wilder. Wilder recommended a smoothing period of 14 days. That means a 14 day moving average (read more about this setting below). Another quote from the wikipedia page:

Wilders also considers the RSI 50 line as both support and resistance. I recommend to always read the original settings first before using an indicator. Many traders and websites are using their own version of the indicator which might be confusing.

How you can use RSI (Divergence)

First and foremost, there is no real right or wrong usage of the RSI indicator. You can use it in any way you want. Wilder recommends using a 14 day average but you can make it 50 or 100 if you like. Just keep in mind that using an indicator is just part of a larger trading plan. In other words, it’s not recommended to do any trading or investing based on a single indicator like the RSI.

The RSI is measured on a scale between 0 and 100. From 30 till 0 is considered oversold. and from 70 -100 is overbought. The RSI is a leading indicator, meaning the signals are instant.

I like to use the RSI as a trend\momentum indicator and not as an overbought or oversold indicator. I use the middle (50) as the baseline. When prices go above RSI 50 the trend is bullish and can indicate long positions. When below 50 it is considered bearish and can indicate short positions. Other traders use the 70 and 30 levels as overbought/oversold depending on the used strategy. The RSI indicator looks like this:

Source: Tradingview.com

The general concensus is that an RSI above 70 indicates that the security is overbought. In other words, the price this security is trading for is to high and should come down. So if RSI hits 70 or above this might indicate a sell signal or taking a short position (expecting the price will go down). Although RSI above 70 indicates the security is trading above it's fair value, that does not mean the price will go down.

Use tradingview to add indicators

I highly recommend using tradingview to add indicators to a chart. It has all the indicators you can think off and can add them for free (up to three indicators) to any chart you want. You can see that the levels 30 and 70 are marked with a dotted line. If you want you can remove these lines or give it another colour using Tradingview. You can also adjust the moving average used. You can also find RSI indicators made by the community that include other settings like RSI divergences.

Tradingview

Use Tradingview to (back)test your strategies and add hundreds of indicators created by the community.

View tool on Tradingview.com

RSI divergence

RSI is not only used to determine momentum but can also spot reversals or continuations of the trend. A reversal means that the trend is going in the opposite direction. From bullish to bearish or from bearish to bullish. These reversals can be spotted by looking at the price and the direction of the RSI. When the price is going up but the RSI is going down that means there is a divergence. This is also the case when RSI goes up but price is going down.

There are four types of divergences:

Regular bullish divergence
Regular bearish divergence
Hidden bullish divergence
Hidden bearish divergence

Regular bullish divergence

With a regular bullish divergence, the price is making lower highs but the oscillator (in this case the RSI) is making higher lows. A regular bullish divergence might indicate the end of the current trend. You’ll see regular bullish divergences mostly at the end of a downtrend. But that does not mean that every regular bullish divergence is a trend reversal.

Price is making lower highs
RSI is making higher lows
Indicating bullish reversal (price might go up)

Source: Tradingview.com

Regular bearish divergence

With a regular bearish divergence the price is making higher highs but the oscillator (in this case the RSI) is making lower highs. This might indicate the end of an uptrend.

Price is making higher highs
RSI is making lower highs
Indicating bearish reversal

Source: Tradingview.com

Hidden bullish divergence

With a hidden bullish divergence, the price is making a higher low while the RSI is making a lower low. This might indicate bullish trend continuation.

Price is making higher lows
RSI is making lower lows
Indicating bullish continuation

Source: Tradingview.com

As you have noticed, you can have multiple divergences in a row.

Hidden bearish divergence

With a hidden bearish divergence, price is making lower highs but RSI is making higher highs. This might indicate bearish trend continuation.

Price is making lower highs
RSI making higher highs
Indicating bearish continuation

Source: Tradingview.com

You can find many cheatsheets of RSI divergences online. Search for "RSI divergence overview" and you'll find a lot of examples. You can print these to learn the various types of divergences.

8Common Ltd Daily Relative Strength Index (RSI) Chart

2.2 Stochastic Oscillator

Compares a certain price to multiple prices ranging over time.

Leading momentum indicator, meaning the signals are instant.
Used to determine overbought and oversold areas much like the RSI.
Ranges between 0 and 100.
Above 80 is considered overbought.
Below 20 is considered oversold.
Consists of two lines named K and D.
K compares the highest high and lowest low on the selected price range.
The D line is a moving average of the K line.
Can be used to spot divergences

The Stochastic is below 50. -1
The Stochastic is below 30 and oversold. +2

8Common Ltd Daily Stochastic Oscillator Chart

2.3 Commodity Channel Index (CCI)

8Common Ltd Daily Commodity Channel Index (CCI) Chart

2.4 Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO)

8Common Ltd Daily Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) Chart

2.5 Williams %R

3. Volatility Indicators

3.1 Bollinger Bands

3.2 Average True Range (ATR)

8Common Ltd Daily Average True Range (ATR) Chart

4. Volume Indicators

4.1 On-Balance Volume (OBV)

8Common Ltd Daily On-Balance Volume (OBV) Chart

4.2 Money Flow Index (MFI)

8Common Ltd Daily Money Flow Index (MFI) Chart

5. Summary

5.1. Notifications

Type	Notification	Date
Currently no notifications for 8Common Ltd.

5.2. Trading Signals

Date	Indicator	Entry signal	Exit signal
2023-05-29	SAR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	price crossed sar to upside
	ATR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE
	MFI	20 crossover to upside
2023-05-30	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
2023-05-31	STOCH	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE	20 crossover to upside
	ATR	LONG ENTRY	SHORT CLOSE
2023-06-01	CCI	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-100 crossover to downside
	CMO	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-50 crossover to downside
	WILLR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE	-80 crossover to downside
	ATR	SHORT ENTRY	LONG CLOSE

5.2. Technical Score

Let's check the technical score of 8Common Ltd based on Penke's default Symbol scanner.

Penke's Symbol Scanner

Indicator	Condition		Value
Open	Greater than	Close	0.078
Total			0/1 (0.0%)

Create your own Symbol Scanner

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1. Valuation of 8common (5 min.)

A$0.08

A$0.03

2. Growth of 8common (5 min.)

Is 8common growing?

How much money is 8common making?

How much money comes from the company's main activities?

3. Financial Health of 8common (5 min.)

4. Comparing to competitors in the Software-Application industry (5 min.)

Industry Rankings (Software-Application)

Fundamentals of 8common

Financial Health

1.1. Profitability of 8Common Ltd.

1.1. Profitability

1.1.1. Net Profit Margin

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1.1.2. Return on Assets

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1.1.3. Return on Equity

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1.2. Operating Efficiency of 8Common Ltd.

1.2. Operating Efficiency

1.2.1. Operating Margin

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1.2.2. Operating Ratio

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1.3. Liquidity of 8Common Ltd.

1.3. Liquidity

1.3.1. Current Ratio

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1.3.2. Quick Ratio

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1.4. Solvency of 8Common Ltd.

1.3. Liquidity

1.4.1. Debt to Asset Ratio

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1.4.2. Debt to Equity Ratio

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2. Market Valuation of 8Common Ltd

2. Earnings Per Share

2.1. Price to Earnings Ratio

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2.2. Price Earnings to Growth Ratio

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8Common Ltd
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